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The Phillips Code Transcribed by Joseph Hartmann K2AVJ [ J.Hartmann's notes enclosed between brackets ] [ ----------------this is a work in progress -------------------- ----------------the actual PHILLIPS CODE book is done --------- ----------------but I am uncertain about embedded TABS -------- ----------------and I expect to change some of the ------------ ----------------recollections of Stu at the end. -------------- ----------------WA2FFY has given me some inputs --------------- ----------------which remain to be incorporated --------------- ] [cover: brown print on buff background] The Phillips Code Bi-Centennial Edition [reverse side of front cover, rubber stamped in red ink: ] National Telegraph Office 1149 Weber St. Union, NJ 07083 [page -3: rest of book black print on white background] The P h i l l i p s C o d e A THOUROUGHLY TESTED METHOD OF SHORT- HAND ARRANGED FOR TELEGRAPHIC PUR- POSES. AND CONTEMPLATING THE RAPID TRANSMISSION OF PRESS REPORTS; ALSO INTENDED TO BE USED AS AN E A S I L Y A C Q U I R E D M E T H O D FOR General Newspaper and Court Reporting by Walter P. Phillips revised in 1975 Entered According to Act of Congress by WALTER P. PHILLIPS 1879 Renewed January 8, 1907 NEW YORK TELEGRAPH AND TELPHONE AGE 253 BROADWAY [page -2] [blank side of previous page] [page -1] I N T R O D U C T I O N There has been a persistent demand for a code book that contained not only the Phillips, but various other codes and sig- nals that were once widely used. The necessity for codes and coding be- came apparent with the earliest forms of signalling, as only very limited intelligence could be transmitted by the crude devices of those days. When the electric telegraph made possible the speedy transmission of alphabets and numerals, coding was still important to reduce line time and costs. Research suggests that at one time, commercial telegraphs and railroads had numerical codes that contained at least 100 groupings. Few survived beyond the turn of the century. The compilation in this book represents the consensus of many whose duties brought them into close con- tact with this subject. It will be noted that in some cases, more than one mean- ing was assigned to a coding. The most generally understood definition is printed first, with secondary usage in parenthesis. The Phillips Code is that of the last offi- cial edition -- 1925 -- plus the Market supplement of 1909 and a listing of some codings which have been added. I am indebted to J. Ralph Graham, Nick Carter, George Secrist and Art Stewart, long time press operators, for suggestions and review of the general arrangement. 73, E. STUART DAVIS (DV) [page 0: a copy of an old advertisement] Q U A L I T Y F I R S T [picture of a sounder and key on a wooden base] [ with the base marked "MARCONI" ] Only BUNNELL Keys should be used in sending Phillips' Code or any other Code. There is no other key in same class. Perfect workmanship with iridium hardened, plat- inum points is the reason for their easy working and the beautiful, clean-cut signals they make. Special prices to code users on application. [Picture of ] ["Hudson's ] H U D S O N [Word Register" ] W O R D C O U N T E R [ Patented ] [a pointer over 360 ] For counting number of [degrees with "50" at] words written on a typewriter. [the top, and major ] Furnished with attachments [divisions of 10, 20 ] for applying it to all the stand- [30, and 40, going ] makes of machines. [cw, evenly spaced ] On ordering be sure to [in increments of ] specify make and model of [one unit ] machine on which it is to be used) Directions for attaching ac- company each machine. SPECIAL NET PRICE $3.00 Send for catalog and circular of C.Q.A. Relays. J. H. B U N N E L L & C O. Inc. PARK PLACE, near Woolworth Bldg. NEW YORK. [page 1] W A L T E R P O L K P H I L L I P S Born in Grafton, Massachusetts, in 1846, Walter Phillips entered upon a career in com- munications as a messenger for the American Telegraph Company at its Providence, Rhode Island office in 1861. Quickly mastering the art of Morse telegraphy, he became one of the fastest operators of the time. In 1864 he was promoted to the position of "report opr." copy- ing news despatches from the Associated Press. He set a new speed recond by copying 2731 words in one hour. This feat won an award of a solid gold pen from Prof. Samuel F. B. Morse. Phillips joined the Associated Press in 1867 and was made manager of its Washington Bureau in 1868. Ever alert to the value of speed in news transmission, he persuaded the AP in 1875 to establish the nation's first leased wire, for press service, linking the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Wash- ington. Determined to make the AP the fast- est news nervice in the country, he revised the existing abbreviations and codes used in the transmission of press. in 1879 he published the first edition of the "Phillips code" -- a system so fundamentally sound in principle and so easy to learn that it quickly became the stand- ard code used throughout the North American continent. As an inventor, he patented an improved form of hand key that was widely acclaimed by operators -- and shortly thereafter, in con- junction with R. H. Weiny, invented a single line repeater knows as the Weiny-Phillips that remained in service as long as Morse wires were in use. He was joint inventor of the first successful semi-automatic key: the "Autoplex," patented in 1902 by Horace G. Martin. In 1898, Walter Phillips was appointed vice president and general manager of the United Press, and he retired in 1918 as one of the most highly respected gentlemen ever to grace the telegraphic profession. -DV [page 2] F O R E W A R D The growth of the language necessitates, at intervals, the elimination form the Phillips codethose contractions that have become practically obsolete, and providing code for the newer words, or those that, during recent years, have become common in press reports. Revision of the code according to the root of the word involved was desired. This idea had to be abandoned, however, because the ar- bitrary representations of words and phrases by a combination of letters produces anoma- lous formations, which, being once incorpor- ated, cannot afterward be easily dropped or reformed. And, again, the same contraction was frequently found to fit different words: hence deviation from the desired basis of for- mation was necessary, in order that the more important words might be included in the present work. Among the more important changes are: Abr- Abrogate. Cft- Confident. Acq- Acquaint. Cfu- Confuse. Admn- Admission. Cnc- Concern. Adrn- Administration. Cop- Cheif of Police. Ahd- Apprehend. Cul - Culminate. Ape- Appreciate. Cy- Copy. Apkn- Application. Dcr- December. Apln- Appelation. Dec- Decrease. Aq- Acquire. Def- Defeat. Aqt- Acquit. Deft- Definite. Aqu- Acute. Dfi- Deficient. Aqw- Acquiesce. Dpo- Dispose. Asr- Assert. Efy- Efficiency. Atv- Attentive. Ek- Economy. Atrv- Attractive. Elm- Eliminate. Avb- Available. Elq- Eloquent. Avob- Avoidable. Elt- Element. Bri- Brilliant. Eq- Enquire. Ccu-Conclude. Eql- Equal. 3 ----------------------------------------------- Hag- Haggle. Rept- Repeat. Hz- Hazard. Req- Request. Igo- In consequence of. Rlav- Relative. Kf- Confer. Rlv- Relieve. Kft- Conflict. Rpt- Represent. Kpr- Conspire. Rpv- Representative. Kpt- Compete. Rq- Require Lx- Pounds sterling. Rsd- Reside. Oac- On account of. Rsg- Resign. Ot- Owing to. Rsl- Resolve. Pa- Pennsylvania Sac- Senate Committee. Pcu- Preclude. Scf- Sacrifice. Pkg-Packing. Sovy- Soverignty. Pkj- Package. Soy- Society. Pku- Peculiar. Spk- Spoke. Pmnt- Prominent. Spn- Suspicion. Pmt- Permit. Spq- speak. Png- Pending. Thu- The house. Px- Price. Wam- Ways and means. Pxl- Political. Intelligent use of the code is the desideratum for both sender and receiver; and, in this con- nection, some tried observations are submitted. 1. To send code at top speed defeats its purpose. Indeed, mechanical ability seems a neg- ligible factor in moving the report, for the mod- erately slow sender, of even temper, and precise signals, exites no anger, and, therefore, pro- vakes no breaking. 2. Code should be well spaced, so that the receiver is required to make no effort in its translation. Where the receiver is forced to solve a puzzle in a way of improper or badly used code, the context of the story is lost and a break usually follows. 3. Seldom, if ever, should code be used at the beginning of a sentence; nor should code be used where the coded word or words precede a group of figures. 4. Code that in itself makes a good English word should not be used in any sentence where the word coded would fit into the sense. 5. Where two consecutive words in a sen- tence belong to separate ideas, they should not be contracted into a single combination; e.g., "When the vacancy occurred and the question 4 ------------------------------------------------ of filling it was put to him, the governor." etc.; "And the only way to stop it was for the employers and employes to co-operate"; " * * * the nature of it is not known." 6. The sign 'cx" should be freely used, espe- cially for such proper names as also ore com- mon English words: "the Glass amendment"; "the Wood report"; and preceding titles inde- terminable, as such, from the matter just pre- ceding: "and Immigration Inspectors John Doe and Richard Roe." The signals "i5" and "e5" shoulsd no less be neglected. 7. Following proper names a contraction some- times is bad: "Representative Henry of the Owen committee"; "Judge Dayton in the Hitchman Coal company case." And, occasionally, a proper name is best coded: "Congressman Hendry D. Clayton." 8. Possessives, when not clearly indicated by the context, should be specified: "The account- ants report." Here, it isn't clear whether "ac- countants" is nominative plural, possessive sin- gular, or possessive plural. 9. When the receiver breaks on a coded word, the sender should spell it out, and then repeat the cod. 10. Errors due to an oversight on the part of the sender often are better corrected in a note at the end of the item. Many typewriters are used without ribbons, and it is difficult for the receiver to locate the place for the correction. 11. Difficult words and proper names should be sent very slowly, without repetition. Paradox- ical as it is, it isn't the time one makes, but the time one loses that really counts on any circuit. For timely and thoughtful suggestions, I am grateful to many gentlemen too numerous for brief specification. Representatives of the Asso- ciated Press, Laffan News Bureau, Hearst News Service, and the United Press have been con- sulted and their advice solicited. A am specially indebted to Mr. Milton Gorges, of the Chicago Associated Press, who, besides submitting many new words and changes, has been kind enough to criticize all changes and additions anent which 5 --------------------------------------------------- there was an difference of opinion. Others whose help has been invaluable are Messrs. Frank H. Trickle, New York, George R. Allen, San Francisco, and C. J. King, Atlanta. In conclusion, I have sought to please no one, but merely to adopt the consensus of opinion of those whose years in the press service best qualify them to pass on the fitness of the changes and additions made in the revision. I therefore dismiss the work with a feeling that I have done the best I know how. E. E. Bruckner. Spokane, January 1, 1914. [page] T H E P H I L L I P S C O D E ---------------- INTRODUCTORY. The Morse alphobet, which is employed to rep- resent the sounds used in sten-telegraphy, is composed entirely of linear characters formed of dots and dashes, and by combinations of the two. The letters c, o, r, y, and z, and the symbol "&" are composed of dots and spaces. There are no spaces in any of the letters composed of dashes. The alphabet is as follows: A . _ O . . B _ . . . P . . . . . C . . . Q . . _ . D _ . . R . . . E . S . . . F . - . T _ G _ _ . U . . _ H . . . . V . . . _ I . . W . _ _ J _ . _ . X . _ . . K _ . _ Y . . . . L ____ [long dash] Z . . . . M _ _ N _ . The figures are as follows: 1 . _ _ . 6 . . . . . . 2 . . _ . . 7 - - . . 3 . . . _ . 8 _ . . . . 4 . . . . _ 9 _ . . _ 5 _ _ _ 0 ___ [long dash] The difference between the Morse and Universal codes are shown in the following list. Morse. Universal. C . . . _ . _ . F . _ . . . _ . J _ . _ . . _ _ _ L ___[long dash] . _ . . O . . _ _ _ P . . . . . . _ _ . Q . . _ . _ _ . _ 7 ------------------------------------------------- R . . . . _ . X . _ . . _ . . _ Y . . . . _ . _ _ Z . . . . _ _ . . Numerals 1 . _ _ . . _ _ _ _ 2 . . _ . . . . _ _ _ 3 . . . _ . . . . _ _ 5 _ _ _ . . . . . 6 . . . . . . _ . . . . 7 _ _ . . _ _ . . . 8 _. . . . _ _ _ . . 9 _ . . _ _ _ _ _ . 0 ___ [long dash] _ _ _ _ _ The punctuation marks used as a part of this system are as follows: Comma- Dot, dash, dot, dash. Interrogation point- Dash, two dots, dash, dot Capital letter- Cx. Small letter- 15. (. . _ _ _) Shilling mark- Ut. Pounds sterling- Lx. Exclamation point- Three dashes, dot. Colon: Ko. Dollar mark- Sx. Colon dash- Kx. Not code-E5. (. _ _ _) Parenthesis- Pn stands for first and Py for the second Parenthesis mark. Pence- D. Quotation marks- Qn stands for first and Qj for the second quotation mark. Quotation marks within a quotation- Qx and Qy. Brackets- Bx. Dash- Dx. Hyphen- Hx. Semicolon- Si. Period- Two dots, two dashes, two dots. Paragraph mark- Four dashes. Underline- Ux stands for first and Uj for the second underline signal. Colon followed by a quotation- Kq. Percent- Oso. The punctuation marks in the Universal Cod are as follows: 8 ----------------------------------------------- Period- Two dots, space, two dots, space, two dots. Colon- Three dashes, three dots. Semi-colon- Dash dot, dash dot, dash dot. Comma- Dot dash, dot dash, dot dash. Exclamation- Two dashes, two dots, two dashes. Interrogation- Two dots, two dashes, two dots. Hyphen- Dash, four dots, dash, Apostrophe- Dot, four dashes, dot. Fractions in the Phillips and Morse codes are sent by inserting the letter e between the numer- ator and denominator, thus: Three-sixteenths- 3 . 16. Owing to the fact that three ciphers when quick- ly transwmitted bear a striking resemblance to a figure 5, it will always be better to use tnd for thousand and myn for million when thousands or millions are expressed after the first, second, or third figures by ciphers exclusively, thus: 10,000 -10 tnd; 248,000,000- 248 myns. Hnd may also be used to advantage sometimes to express hundreds, thus: 400- 4 hnd; 500,000 -5 hnd tnd; 300,000,000- 3 hnd myn. Decimals should be sent by inserting the word "dot." thus: 0.34- 0 dot 34; 89.92- 89 dot 92. When an omission occurs in the copy, and the fact is shown by the presence of asterisks, the letter x several times repeated will indicate that asterisks are to be inserted in the copy to be sent out, thus: And this has been one of the results. * * * * * * * * * Who shall account for such corruption- And this has been one of the results. x x x x x x Who shall, etc. In sending poetry or one or more lines of verse, a paragraph mark (_ _ _ _) should be used at the end of each line, thus: The gentleman on the other side, as it seems to me, takes a superficial view of what has been developed, and manifests a disposition either to defend these obvious irregularities or content him- self with what appears on the surface. Unless he corrects his methods, I fancy the poet's words, On the primrose on the river's brim _ _ _ _ A yellow primrose was to him _ _ _ _ And nothing more Qj _ _ _ _ 9 -------------------------------------------------- will be peculiarly applicable to my credulous col- league in the near future, and he will discover that he has missed an opportunity to render a great service to the cause of common honesty. Beginners, both senders and receivers, should commit all of the foregoing to memory before at- tempting to send the cod. Operators essaying to learn to send the accom- panying system of codification will achieve that object with comparative ease by beginning, and continuing, methodically. They should first com- mit to memory the meaning conveyed by the single letters, as follows: B- B. P- Per. C- See. Q- On the. D- In the, or pence. R- Are. F- Of the. T- the. G- From the. U- You. H- Has. V- Of which. J- By which. W- With. K- Out of the. X- In which. M- More. Y- Year. N- Not. Z- From which. Also a figure 4 for "where," a figure 5 for "that the," and a figure 7 for "that is." These figures are expressed, as will be seen further on, thus: Fr- four; fv- five; sv- seven. They should be so sent whenever they appear alone. Occur- ing groups, they may be sent in the usual manner. The next step for the beginner is to learn the meaning conveyed by the two-letter contractions, among the more important of which are the fol- lowing: Ab- About. Ar- Answer. Ac- And company. Au- Author. Ad- Adopted. Av- Average. Af- After. Aw- At which. Aj- Adjust. Ax- Ask. Ak- Acknowledge. Ay- Any. Ao- At once. Az- Applause. Ap- Appropriate. Bi- By. Aq- Acquire. Bc- Because. O- of. Bd- Board. 10 ------------------------------------------- Bf- Before. Dq- Discover. Bg- Being. Dr- Doctor. Bh- Both. Ds- Discuss. Bj- Bound. Dt- Do not. Bk- Break. Du-Duty. Bl- Bill. Dv- Divide. Bn- Been. Dw- Draw. Bo- Baltimore. Dx- Dash. Bp- Bishop. Dz- Does. Bq- Bequeath. Ea- Each. Br- British. Ec- Ecclesiastic. Bs- Best. Ed- Editor. Bt- But. Ef- Effect. Bu- Bushel. Eg- England. Bv- Believe. Eh- Either. Bw- Be with. Ej- Eject. Bx- Bracket []. Ek- Economy. Bz- Business. El- Elect. Ca- Came. Em- Embarrass. Cb- Celebrate. En- Enthusiasm. Cd- Could. Ep- Epoch. Cf- Chief. Eq- Enquire. Cg- Seeing. Er- Error. Ch- Chicago. Es- And. Cj- Coroner's jury. Eu- Europe. Ck- Check. Ev- Ever. Cm- Come. Ey- Every. Cn- Can. Fa- Fail. Co- County. Fb- Of the bill. Cp- Constantinople. Fc- Fiscal. Cq- Correct. Fd- Find. Cr- Care. Fg- Following. Cs- Case. Fh- Forth. Ct- Connect. Fi- Fire. Cu- Current. Fj- Found. Cv- Cover. Fk- Fluctuate. Cx- Capital letter. Fl- Feel. Cy- Copy. Fm- From. Db- Debate. Fn- Fifteen. Dc- District of Columbia Fo- For. Dd- Did. Fp- Philanthropist. Df- Differ. Fq- Frequent. Dg- Doing. Fr- Four. Di- Direct. Fs- First. Dk- Descibe. Ft- For the. Dl- Deliver. Fu- Few. Dm- Demand. Fv- Five. Dp- Depart. Fw- Follow. 11 ------------------------------------------------ Fx- Fort. Ic- In connection. Fz- Freeze. Id- Introduce. Ga- Gave. Ig- Indigent. Gb- Great Britian. Ih- It has. Gc- Grace. Ij- Injure. Gd- Good. Ik- Instantly killed. Gf- Gulf. Im- Immediately. Gg- Going. Io- In order. Gh- Gather. Ip- Improve. Gi- Gigantic. Iq- Inquire. Gj- Grand jury. Ir- Irregular. Gk- Greek. Iv- In view. Gl- Girl. Iw- It was. Gm- Gentlemen. Ix- It is. Gn- Gone. Jb- Jubilee. Gp- Group. Jf- Justify. Gq- Geology. Jg- Judge. Gr- Ground. Jl- Jail. Gs- Guess. Jn- Join. Gt- Great. Jp- Japan. Gu- Guard. Jr- Junior. Gv- Give. Js- Just. Gw- Grow. Jt- Joint. Gx- Great excitement. Ju- Jury. Gy- Guilty. Jz- Juarez. Gz- Gazette. Kb- Contribute. Hb- Has been. Kc- Concentrate. Hc- Habeas corpus. Kd- Kind. Hd- Had. Kf- Confer. Hf- Half. Kg- King. Hg- Having. Ki- Kill. Hh- Has had. Kj- Complain. Hi- High. Kl- Collect. Hk- Hook. Km- Communicate. Hl- Hell. Kn- Known. Hm- Him. Kp- Keep. Hn- Has not. Kr- Color. Ho- Hold. Ks- Conserve. Hp- Hope. Kt- Contain. Hr- Here. Ku- Continue. Hs- His. Kv- Convert. Ht- Has the. Kw- Know. Hu- House. Kz- Consult. Hv- Have. La- Louisiana. Hw- How. Ld- London. Hy- Henry. Lf- Life. Hz- Hazard. Lg- Long. Ia- Iowa. Lk- Like. 12 ---------------------------------------------- Lm- Low middling. Og- Organize. Ln- Loan. Oh- Ohio. Lp- Liverpool. Oj- Object. Lq- Liquor. Om- Omit. Lr- Lower. Op- Opportunity. Lt- Lieutenant. Oq- Occupy. Lu- Lieu. Os- Oppose. Lv- Leave. Ot- Owing to. Lx- Pounds sterling. Ow- On which. Md- Made. Oz- ounce. Mf- Manufacture. Pa- Pennsylvanio. Mg- Manage. Pb- Probable. Mh- Much. Pc- Per cent. Mk- Make. Pd- Paid. Ml- Mail. Pe- Principle. Mm- Mid-meridian Pf- Prefer. (midnight) Pg- Progress. Mo- Month. Ph- Perhapse. Mr- Mister. Pj- Prejudice. Ms- Most. Pk- Particular. Mu- Murder. Pm- Postmaster. Mv- Move. Po- Post-office. Mw- Meanwhile. Pp- Postpone. Mx- Mix. Pq- Postpone. Na- Name. Pr- President. Nb- Not be. Ps- Pass. Nc- North Carolina. Pt- Present. Nd- Need. Pu- Public. Ne- New England. Pv- Priviege. Nf- Notify. Pw- Power. Ng- Negotiate. Px- Price. Nh- New Hampshire. Pz- Prize. Ni- Night. Qa- Qualify. Nj- New Jersey Qb- On the bill. Nl- Natural. Qc- Concur. Nm- Nominate Qm- Quartermaster. No- No, and New Or- Qp- On the part of. leans, La. Qr- Quarter. Nr- Near. Qu- Quiet. Nt- North. Ra- Raise. Nv- Never. Rb- Rob. Nx- Next. Rc- Receive. Ny- New York. Rd- Read. Nz- New Zealand. Rf- Refer. Oa- Of a. Rg- Regular. Ob- Obtain. Rh- Reach. Oc- O'clock. Ri- Rhode Island. Od- Order. Rj- Reject. 13 ----------------------------------------------- Rk- Recover. Tn- Then. Rl- Real. Tp- Transport. Rm- Remain. Tq- The question. Rn- Reason. Tr- There. Ro- Rose. Ts- This. Rp- Report. Tt- That. Rq- Require. Tw- To-morrow. Rr- Railroad. Tx- This is. Rs- Resolve. Ty- They. Rt- Are the. Tz- These. Ru- Are you. Uc- You see. Rv- Remove. Uf- Unfortunate. Rw- Are with. Uk- Understand. Rx- Recommend. Ul- Usual. Ry- Railway. Um- Unanimous. Rz- Result. Un- Until. Sa- Senate. Uq- Upon the. Sb- Subsequent. Ur- Your. Sc- South Carolina. Us- United States. Sd- Should. Uv- Universe. Sf- Satisfy. Vt- Vermont. Sg- Signify. Va- Virginia. Sh- Such. Vb- Valuable. Sj- Subject. Vf- Verify. Sk- Success. Vk- Victor. Sl- Sail. Vm- Vehement. Sm- Some. Vo- Vote. Sn- Soon. Vp- Vice-president. Sp- Ship. Vr- Virtue. Sq- Separate. Vu- View. Sr- Secure. Vx- Violate. Ss- Steamship. Vy- Very. St- Street. Vz- Venezuela. Su- Sure. Wa- Way. Sv- Seven. Wb- Will be. Sw- Swear. Wc- Welcome. Sx- Dollar mark. Wd- Would. Sz- Sieze. Wg- Wrong. Tb- The bill. Wh- Which. Td- Treasury Depart- Wi- Will. ment. Wj- Wound. Tf- The followig. Wk- Week. Tg- Thing. Wl- Well. Th- Those. Wm- William. Ti- Time. Wn- When. Tj- The jury. Wo- Who. Tk- Take. Wp- Weep. Tm- Them. Wq- Warrant. 14 --------------------------------------------- Wr- Were. Xm- Extreme. Ws- Was. Xn- Constitution. Wt- What. Xo- Exonerate. Wv- Waive. Xp- Expense. Ww- With which. Xr- Exercise. Wx- Wait. Xs- Exist. Wy- Why. Xt- Extent. Xb- Exorbitant. Xu- Exclude. Xc- Excite. Ya- Yesterday. Id- Exceed. Yf- Yellow fever. Xg- Legislate. Za- Sea. Xh- Exhaust. Zc- Section. Xj- Explain. Zd- Said. Xk- Execute. Zm- Seem. Xl- Excel. Zn- Seen. Having familiarized himself with the foregoing, the operator will then find it to his advantage to apply himself to memorizing the remainder of the two-letter, and as many as possible of the three- letter contractions. Amongy the latter, it will be observed, the principal words in daily use (and which are given, in some cases, in their briefest form in the two-letter contractions above) are traced in most of their numerous terminations. Thus, for example, we have ak for "acknowledge," akd for "acknowledged", akg for "ackknowledging," etc. The principal illustrated by this word will be found to underlie the whole system, deviation from the rule only occurring when the peculiar- ities of the Morse alphabet will not permit of following the law, or where the addition of ', d, g, or m would make a stem spell some word which would fit in, without disturbing the con- text, in the place where the word intended to be conveyed ought to go. Wherever the author has foreseen, or experience in working the system has shown, that a strict adherunce to the rule would involve the receiver in perplexity, he has departed therefrom, but in no other cases. In the very beginning of their attempts to use the code, sending operators should first master the single letters and as many of the double and three-letter ones as possible. Perfect confidence and ease will come with practice. In the mean- time the operator should apply himself to learn- inge the contractions under the various letters- a few at a time- using them as much as possible 15 --------------------------------------------------- as he proceeds with his practice. A few weeks' experience will serve to make the whole plan of working very plain and clear, if a moderate amount of thought and attention is given to the foregoing hints, and to memorizing a few of the contractions every day. The sending operator should always say "bk" when, from any cause, he breaks down in the middle of a word, or interrupts himself. This signal is easily recognized, and is of the greatest possible assistance to the receiving operator. Ab- About. Adsg- Absenting. Abb- Abbreviate. Abt- About the. Abbd- Abbreviated. Abty- Ability. Addg- Abbreviating. Abu- Abundant. Abbn- Abbreviation. Aduc- Abundance. Abc- Absence. Abuy- Abundantly. Abd- Aboard. Abv- Above. Adg- Abiding. Aby- Albany. Abh- Abolish. Ac- And Company. Abhd-Abolished. Aca- Academy. Abhg- Abolishing. Acal- Academical. Abhn- Abolition. Acan- Academician. Abi- Abide. Acb- Acceptable. Abj- Abject. Acc- Account. Abjy- Abjectly. Accd- Accounted. Abm- Abominate. Accg- Accounting. Abmd- Abominated. Acct- Accountant. Abmg- Abominating. Acd- Accord. Abml- Abominable. Acdd- Accorded. ---* Abmn- Abominatiion Acg- According. Abn- Abandon. Acgy- Accordingly. Abnd- Abandoned. Ach- Achieve. Abng- Abandoning. Achd- Achieved. Abnm- Abandonment. Achg- Achieving. Abp- Abrupt. Achm- Achievement. Abpns- Abruptness. Acm- Accumulate. Abpy- Abruptly. Acmg- Accumulating. Abq- Absolute. Acmp- Accompany. Abqy - Absolutely. Acmpd- Accompanied. Abr- Abrogate. Acmpg- Accompanying. Abrd- Abrogated. Acn- Accumulation. Abrg- Abrogating. Aco- Accomodate. Abrn- Abrogation. Acod- Accomodated. Abrv- Abrogative. Acog- Accomodating. Abs- Absent. Acom- Accomodation. Absd- Absented. Acp- Accept. Abse- Absentee. Acpc- Acceptance. ---* For addition, see page 64 16 --------------------------------------------- Acpd- Accepted. Adl- Admiral. Acpg- Accepting. Adm- Admit. Acph- Accomplish. Admc- Admittance. Acphd- Accomplished. Admd- Admitted. Acphg- Accomplishing. Admg- Admitting. Acphm- Accomplish Admn- Admission. ment Adms- Admits. Acq- Acquaint. Adn- Addition. Acqd- Acquainted. Adnl- Additional. Acqg- Acquainting. Adp- Adopt. Acqs- Acquaints. Adpn- Adoption. Acr- Accurate. Adq- Adequate. Acrly- Accurately. Adqy- Adequately. Acstm- Accustom. Adr- Administer. Acstmd- Accustomed. Adrd- Administered. Actl- Actual. Adrg- Administering. Actly- Actually. Adrn- Administration. Actn- Action. Adrr- Administrator. Actu- Actuate. Adrv- Administrative. Actud- Actuated. Adrx- Administratrix. Actug- Actuating. Ads- Address. Acu- Accuse. Adsd- Addressed. Acud- Accused. Adsg- Addressing. Acug- Accusing. Adss- Addresses. Acun- Accusation. Adt- Amendment. Acup- Acted upon. Adts- Amendments. Acur- Accuser. Adu- Aduce. Acv- Active. Adud- Aduced. Acvs- Activities. Adug- Adducing. Acvly- Actively. Adus- Adduces. Acvty- Activity. Adv- Advertise Acx- Across. Advc- Advance. Acy- Accuracy. Advcd- Advanced. Ad- Adopted. Advcg- Advancing. Adc- Advice. Advcm- Advancement. Adcs- Advices. Adz- Advise. Adh- Adhere. Adzd- Advised. Adhc- Adherence. Adzg- Advising. Adhd- Adhered. Adzs- Advises. Adhg- Adhering. Aen- Aeronaut. Adht- Adherent. Aep- Aeroplane. Adj- Adqourn. Af- After. Adjd- Adjourned. Afa- Affair. Adjg- Adjourning. Afc- Affect. Adjm- Adjournment. Afed- Affected. 17 --------------------------------------------- Afcg- Affecting. Agrg- Agreeing. Afcn- Affection. Ags- Agents. Afcny- Affectionately. Agt- Agreed to. Afcs- Affects. Agu- Argue. Afd- Afford. Agud- Argued. Addd- Afforded. Agug- Arguing. Afg- Affording. Agum- Argument. Afj- Affidavit. Agup- Argeed upon. Afjs- Affidavits. Agv- Aggressive. Afl- Afflict. Agy- Agency. Afld- Afflicted. Ahd- Apprehend. Aflg- Afflicting. Ahdd- Aprehended. Afln- Affliction. Ahg- Apprehending. Afls- Afflicts. Ahn- Apprehension. Afm- Affirm. Ahv- Apprehensive. Afmd- Affirmed. Aj- Adjust. Afmg- Affirming. Aja- Adjacent. Afmn- Affirmation. Ajd- Adjusted. Afn- Afternoon. Ajg- Adjusting. Afo- Aforesaid. Ajm- Adjustment. Afol- American Fed- Ajn- Adjoin. eration of Labor. Ajnd- Adjoined. Afr- Affray. Ajng- Adjoining. Afv- Affirmative. Ajs- Adjusts. Afw- Afterward. Ajt- Adjutant. Afx- Affix. Ajts- Adjutants. Afxd- Affixed. Ak- Acknowledge. Afxg- Affixing. Akc- Access. Ag- Agent. Akcy- Accessory. Aga- Against. Akd- Acknowledged. Agb- Agreeable. Akg- Acknowledging. Agc- Agriculture. Akm- Acknowledgment. Agd- Agreed. Aks- Acknowledges. Agg- Aggregate. Akt- Accident. Aggd- Aggregated. Aktl- Accidental. Aggg- Aggregating. Aktly- Accidentally. Aggn- Aggregation. Akts- Accidents. Agi- Agitate. Ala- Alabama. Agid- Agitated. Alb- Alberta. Agig- Agitating. Alc- Alcohol. Agiv- Agitation. Ald- Aldermen. Agir- Agitator. Aldm- Alderman. Agl- Agricultural. Alg- Along. Aglst- Agriculturist. Ali- Allv. Agm- Agreement. Alid- Allied. Agms- Agreements. Alis- Allies. Agn- Again. Ali- Allege. Agr- Agree. Aljd- Alleged. 18 --------------------------------------------- Aljg- Alleging. Amtd- Amounted. Aljn- Allegation. Amtg- Amounting. Aljnc- Allegiance. Amts- Amounts. Alk- Alike. Amu- Amuse. Alm- Alarm. Amud- Amused. Almd- Alarmed. Amug- Amusing. Aln- Altercation. Amun- Ammunition. Alnc- Alliance. Amx- Ambitious. Alns- Altercations. Amxy- Ambitiously. Alr- Already. Amz- Amaze. Alt- Alternate. Amzd- Amazed. Altd- Alternated. Amzg- Amazing. Altg- Alternating. Amzm- Amazement. Alty- Alternately. Amzy- Amazingly. Alu- Allude. Anc- Announce. Alud- Alluded. Ancd- Announced. Alug- Alluding. Ancg- Announcing. Alun- Allusion. Ancm- Announce- Alv- Alternative. ment. Alw- Always. Ancs- Announces. Ama- America. Ang- Antagonist. Amal- Amalgamated. Angm- Antagonism. Amb- Ambition. Angs- Antagonists. Ambs- Ambitions. Angz- Antagonize. Amd- Amend. Angzd- Antagonized. Amdd- Amended. Angzg- Antagonizing. Amdg- Amending. Ank- Anarchist. Amds- Amends. Anky- Anarchy. Amdy- Amendatory. Anl- Anuual. Amg- Among. Anly- Annually. Amgst- Amongst. Anm- Animal. Ami- Amicable. Anms- Animals. Amily- Amicably. Anr- Another. Amk- Amuck. Ant- Anticipate. Amn- American. Antd- Anticipated. Amns- Americans. Antg- Anticipating. Amp- Ample. Antn- Anticipation. Ampy- Amply. Anv- Anniversary. Ampf- Amplify. Anx- Anxious. Ampfd- Amplified. Anxty- Anxiety. Ampfg- Amplifying. Anxy- Anxiously. Ampfn- Amplification. Ao- At once. Amr- Ambassador. Ap- Appropriate. Amrl- Ambassadorial. Apa- Aport. Amrsp- Ambassador- Apam- Apartment. ship. Apoms- Apartments. Amt- Amount. Apc- Appreciate. 19 --------------------------------------------- Apcd- Appreciated. Aqn- Acquisition. Apcg- Appreciating. Aqs- Acquires. Apcn- Appreciation. Aql- Acquirable. Apcv- Appreciative. Aqt- Acquit. Apd- Appropriated. Aqtd- Acquitted. Apg- Appropriating. Aqtg- Acquitting. Aph- Approach. Aqtl- Acquittal. Aphd- Approached. Aqts- Acquits Aphg- Approaching. Aqu- Acute. Aphs- Approaches. Aqw- Acquiesce. Api- Apiece. Aqwc- Aquiescence. Apkn- Application. Aqwd- Acquiesed. Apl- Appeal. Aqwg- Acquiescing. Aplg- Appealing. Aqy- Acutely. Aplg- Appealing. Aqy- Acutely. Apln- Appelation. Ar- Answer. Apls- Appeals. Ara- Arrange. Aplt- Appelant. Arad- Arranged. Apm- Appointment. Arag- Arranging. Apms- Appointments. Aram- Arrangement. Apn- Appropriation. Arb- Arbitrate. Apns- Appropriations. Arbd- Arbitrated. App- Appoint. Arbg- Arbitrating. Appd- Appointed. Arbm- Arbitrament. Appg- Appointing. Arbp- Archbishop. Apr- Appear. Arbr- Arbitrator. Aprc- Appearance. Arby- Arbitrarily. Arpd- Appeared. Ard- Answered. Aprg- Appearing. Arg- Answering. Aps- Appropriates. Ark- Arkansas ---* Apt- Apporent. Arl- Artillery. Apty- Apporently. Arn- Arbitration. Apv- Approve. Aro- Arose. Apvd- Approved. Arr- Arrest. Apvg- Approving. Arrd- Arrested. Apvl- Approval. Arrg- Arresting. Apx- Approximate. Ars- Answers. Apxd- Approximated. Arv- Arrive. Apxg- Approximating. Arvd- Arrived. Apxn- Approximation. Arvg- Arriving. Apxs- Approximates. Arvl- Arrival. Apxy- Approximately. Ary- Arbitrary. Apy- Appropriately. Arz- Arizona. Aq- Acquire. Asa- As soon as. Aqc- Acquaintance. Asb- Absorb. Aqd- Acquired. Asbd- Absorbed. Aqg- Acquiring. Asbg- Absorbing. Aqm- Acquirement. Asc- Ascertain. 20 --------------------------------------------- Ascd- Ascertained. Atks- Attacks. Asd- Associated. Atl- Atlantic. Asf- As follows: ---* Atm- Attempt. Asg- Ascertaining. Atmd- Attempted. Asi- Assist. Atmg- Attempting. Asic- Assistance. Atms- Attempts. Asid- Assisted. Atn- Attention. Asig- Assisting. Atns- Attentions. Asit- Assistant. Atr- Attract. Asl- Asleep. Atrd- Attracted. Asm- Assemble. Atrg- Attracting. Asmd- Assembled. Atrn- Attraction. Asmg- Assembling. Atrs- Attracts. Asmj- Assemblage. Atrv- Attractive. Asn- Association. Atu- Attitude. Aso- Also. Atv- Attentive. Asp- Aspect. Atvy- Attentively. Asr- Assert. Atx- Atrocious. Asrd- Asserted. Aty- Attorney. Asrg- Asserting. Atyg- Attorney-General. Asrn- Assertion. Au- Author. Ast- Associate. Aub- Auburn. Asts- Associates. Auc- Auction. Asu- Assume. Aucnr- Auctioneer. Asud- Assumed. Aucs- Auctions. Asug- Assuming. Aud- Audience. Asun- Assumption. Audm- Auditorium. Asus- Assemes. Auds- Audiences. Asx- Assinate. Aug- August. Asxd- Assassinated. Auh- Authentic. Asxg- Assassinating. Auhcy- Authenticity. Asxn- Assassination. Auhd- Autheenticated. Asy- Assembly. Auhg- Authenticating. Atb- Attribute. Auhn- Authentication. Atbd- Attributed. Auhs- Authenticates. Atbg- Attributing. Auhy- Authentiaclly. Atc- Attendance. Aum- Autumn. Atd- Attend. Aumb- Automobile. Atdd- Attended. Aun- Austrian. Atds- Attends. Aup- Auspices. Atg- Attending. Aupx- Auspicious. Ath- Athlete. Aur- Austria. Athc- Athletic. Aus- Austrailia. Athcs- Atletics. Ausn- Austrailian. Aths- Athletes. Aut- Adjourned until Atk- Attack. to-morrow. Atkd- Attacked. Auv- Authoritative. Atkg- Attacking. Auvy- Authoritatively. 21 --------------------------------------------- Aux- Auxiliary. Awi- Awhile. Auy- Authority. Ax- Ask. Auys- Authorities. Axd- Asked. Auz- Authorize. Axg- Asking. Auzd- Authorized. Axn- Annexation. Augz- Authorizing. Ay- Any. Auzn- Authorization. Ayb- Anybody. Auzs- Authorizes. Ayg- Anything. Av- Average. Ayh- Anyhow. Avb- Available. Aym- Any more. Avd- Averaged. Ayo- Any other. Ave- Avenue. Ay4- Anywhere. Avg- Averaging. Az- Applause. Avin- Aviation. B- Be. Avir- Aviator. Baf- Baffle. Avix- Aviatrix. Bafd- Baffled. Avk- Advocate. Bafg- Baffling. Avkd- Advocated. Bafs- Baffles. Avkg- Advocating. Baj- Badge. Avl- Avail. Bal- Balance. Avld- Availed. Bald- Balanced. Avig- Availing. Balg- Balancing. Avls- Avails. Bap- Baptist. Avm- Averment. Bas- By a score of. Avn- Aversion. Bc- Because. Avo- Avoid. Bca- Became. Avob- Avoidable. Bch- Beach. Avod- Avoided. Bcm- Become. ---* Avog- Avoiding. Bd- Board. Avos- Avoids. Bdd- Boarded. ---* Ayr[sic]- Aver. Bdg- Boarding. Avrd- Averred. Bdl- Bundle. Avrg- Averring. Bdm- Bondsman. Avrs- Avers. Bdmn- Bondsmen. Avs- Averages. Bdn- Burden. Avt- Avert. Bdr- Boarder. Avtd- Averted. Bds- Boards. Avtg- Averting. Bdt- Bandit. Avts- Averts. Bdy- Body. Avoy- Avoidably. Bea- Beacon. Aw- At which. Bef- Beef. Awa- Away. Beq- Bequest. Awd- Award. Bev- Beverage. Awdd- Awarded. Bew- Bewilder. Awdg- Awarding. Bf- Before. Awds- Awards. Bfh- Beforehand. Awf- Awful. Bfl- Beautiful. Awfy- Awfully. Bkt- Breakfast. 22 --------------------------------------------- Bfy- Beautifully. Bnv- Benevolent. Bg- Being. Bo- Baltimore. Bga- Began. Boe- Bank of England. Bgg- Baggage. Boh- Board of Health. Bgi- Begin. Bop- Breach of promise. Bgig- Beginning. Bos- Boston. Bgm- Belgium. Bot- Bought. Bgn- Bargain. Bp- Bishop. Bgr- Burglar. Bpc- Bishopric. Bgt- Bright. Bq- Bequeath. Bug- Begun. Bqd- Bequeathed. Bgy- Burglary. Bqg- Bequeathing. Bh- Both. Br- British. Bhd- Behind. Brc- Brilliance. Bhf- Behalf. Brd- Burned. Bhv- Behave. Brf- Brief. Bi- By. Brg- Burning. Bis- Bystander. Bri- Brilliant. Bit- By the. Brk- Broke. Bj- Bound. Brl- Barrel. Bjy- Boundary. Brm- Barometer. Bk- Break. Brn- Burn. Bkg- Breaking. Bro- Brother. Bkn- Broken. Bry- Brilliantly. Bkw- Backward. Brz- Breeze. Bky- Bakery. Bs- Best. Bl- Bill. Bsp- Battleship. Bld- Build. Bsps- Battleships. Blf- Belief. Bt- But. Blg- Building. Btk- Betake. Blk- Black. Btl- Battle. Blm- Blame. Btld- Battled. Bln- Berlin. Btlg- Battling. Blo- Blow. Btn- Between. Blt- Built. Btr- Better. Blu- Blue. Bts- By the score of. Bmb- Bombard. Bty- Battery. Bmd- Bombarded. Bu- Bushel. Bmg- Bombarding. Buf- Buffalo. Bmt- Bombardment. Buk- Book. ---* Bn- Been. Bun- Bulletin. Bnd- Bond. Buo- Bureau. Bnf- Benefit. Bv- Believe. Bng- Bring. Bvd- Believed. Bnh- Beneath. Bvg- Believing. Bnk- Bank. Bvs- Believes. Bnl- Beneficial. Bw- Be with. Bng- Banquet. Bwr- Beware. 23 --------------------------------------------- Bx- Brackets []. Cby- Celebrity. Bxd- Boxed. Cbt- Cabinet. Bxg- Boxing. Ccd- Concluded. Bxr- Boxer. Ccg- Concluding. Bxs- Boxes. Ccl- Cancel. Byd- Beyond. Ccld- Cancelled. Bz- Business. Ccclg- Cancelling. Bzl- Brazil. Ccln- Cancellation. Bzln- Brazilian. Ccn- Conclusion. C- See. Ccsn- Concession. Ca- Came. Ccu- Conclude. Cac- Caucus. Cd- Could. Cacd- Caucused. Cda- Canada. Cacg- Caucusing. Cde- Concede. Cacs- Caucuses. Cdd- Conceded. Cak- Contract. Cdg- Conceding. Cakd- Contracted. Cdk- Contradict. Cakg- Contracting. Cdkd- Contadicted. cakn- Cantraction. Cdkg- Contradicting. Cal- Calculate. Cdkn- Contradiction. Cala- California. Cdm- Condemn. Cald- Calculated. Cdmd- Condemned. Calg- Calculating. Cdmg- Condumning. Caln- Calculation. Cdmn- Condemnation. Cap- Capital. Cdn- Canadian. Capz- Capitalize. Cdr- Consider. Capzd- Capitalized. Cdrd- Considered. Capzg- Capitalizing. Cdrg- Considering. Capzn- Capitalization. Cdrl- Considerable. Cau- Cause. ---* Cdrn- Consideration. Coud- Coused. Cdrs- Considers. Caug- Causing. Cdry- Considerably. Caus- Causes. Cdt- Credit. Cav- Cavalry. Cdtd- Credited. Cax- Casualties. Cdtg- Crediting. Cay- Casualty. Cdtr- Creditor. Cb- Celebrate. Cdy- Custody. Cba- columbia. Cf- Chief. Cbd- Celebrated. Cfc- Confidence. Cbg- Celebrating. ---* Cfd- Confined. Cbi- Covered by insur- Cfg- Confining. ance. Cfi- Confine. Cbl- Cable. Cfim- Confinement. Cbld- Cabled. Cfk- Confiscate. Cblg- Cabling. Cfkd- Confiscated. Cbls- Cables. Cfkg- Confiscating. Cbn- Celebration. Cfkn- Confiscation. Cbs- Celebrates Cfi- Confidential. 24 --------------------------------------------- Cfly- Confidentially. Chp- Cheap. Cfm- Confirm. Chpr- Cheaper. Cfmd- Confirmed. Chr- Character. Cfmg- Confirming. Chrc- Characteristic. Cfms- Confirms. Chu- Choose. Cfn -Confirmation. Chz- Characterize. Cfr- Chauffeur. Chzd- Characterized. Cft- Confident. Chzg- Characterizing. Cfty- Confidently. Chzn- Characterization. Cfu- Confuse. Chzs- Characterizes. Cfud- Confused. Cic- Commander in Cfug- Confusing. chief. Cfun- Confusion. Cin- Cincinnati. Cfus- Confuses. Ciq- Coroner's inquest. Cfy- Cheifly. Cj- Coroner's jury. Cg- Seeing. Cjd- Congregated. Cgm- Congressman. Cjg- Congregating. Cgmn- Congressmen. Cjl- Congregational. Cgn- Campaign. Cjn- Congregation. Cpnd- Campaigned. Cjt- Congregate. Cgng- Campaigning. Cjx- Courageous. Cgns- Campaigns. Cjxy- Courageously. Cgs- Congress. Ck- Check. Cgsl- Congressional. Ckc- Coerce. Ch- Chicago. Ckl- Circle. Cha- China. Ckld- Circled. Chad- Chamber of Cklg- Circling. Deputies. Ckls- Circles. Chc- Chance. Ckn- Coercion. Chcd- Chanced. Ckt- Circuit. Chcg- Chancing. Cktx- Circuitous. Chcs- Chances. Ckv- Coercive. Che- Chinese. Ckx- Committed sui- Chg- Charge. cide. Chgd- Charged. Cl- Call. Chgg- Charging. Cla- Class. Chgs- Charges. Cld- Called. Chh- Church. Clg- Calling. Chj- Challenge. Clj- College. Chjd- Challenged. Cljt- Collegiate. Chjg- Challenging. Clk- Clerk. Chjr- Challenger. Clm- Claim. Chjs- Challenges. Clmd- Claimed. Chk- Cheek. Clmg- Claiming. Chm- Chairman. Clms- Claims. Chmn- Chairmen. Clo- Close. Chn- Children. Clod- Closed. Cho- Chose. Clog- Closing. 25 --------------------------------------------- Clos- Closes. Cncg- Concerning. Clr- Clear. Cncs- Concerns. Clrd- Cleared. Cnd- Condition. Clrg- Clearing. Cnds- Conditions. Cls- Calls. Cnf- Confess. Cly- Clearly. Cnfd- Confessed. Cm- Come. Cnfg- Confessing. Cmb- Combine. Cnfn- Confession. Cmbd- Combined. Cnfs- Confesses. Cmbg- Combining. Cng- Change. Cmbs- Combines. Cngd- Changed. Cmc- Commerce. Cngd- Changing. Cmcd- Commenced. Cngs- Changes. Cmcg- Commencing. Cnl- Control. Cmcm- Commencement. Cnld- Controlled. Cmd- Command. Cnlg- Controlling. Cmdd- Commanded. Cnls- Controls. Cmdg- Commanding. Cnq- Conquer. Cmds- Commands. Cnqd- Conquered. Cmf- Comfort. Cnqg- Conquering. Cmfd- Comforted. Cnqr- Conqueror. Cmfg- Comforting. Cnqs- Conguers. Cmfl- Comfortable. Cnr- Controller. Cmfs- Comforts. Cnv- Convene. Cmg- Coming. Cnvd- Convened. Cml- Commercial. Cnvg- Convening. Cmly- Commercially. Cnvs- Convenes. Cmm- Commission. Cnx- Connsolidate. Cmmd- Commissioned. Cnxd- Consolidated. Cmmg- Commissioning. Cnxg- Consolidating. Cmms- Commissions. Cnxn- Consolidation. Cmn- Combination. Cnxs- Consolidates. Cmp- Company. Co- County. Cmps- Companies. Coc- Chamber of Com- Cmr- Commissioner. merce. Cmrc- Commerce. Cof- Coffee. Cmt- Commit. Coi- Court of inquiry. Cmtd- Committed. Coj- County jail. Cmtg- Committing. Col- Colonel. Cmtm- Commitment. Com- Committee. Cmts- Commits. Comm- Committeeman. Cmw- Commwealth Comn- Committeemen. Cmx- Circumstance. Con- Convention. Cmxd- Circumstanced Cop- Cheif of police. Cmxl- Circumstantial. Coq- Coroner. Cmxs- Circumstances. Cot- Cotton. Cnc- Concern. Cou- Country. Cncd- Concerned. Cous- Countries. 26 --------------------------------------------- Cow- Committee of the Cqt- Consequent. whole. Cqty- Consequently, Coz- Cousin. Cqy- Correctly. Cp- Constantinople. Cr- Care. Cpa- Capacity. Crc- Circulate. Cpb- Capable. Crcd- Circulated. Cpc- Compliance. Crcg- Circulating. Cpd- Captured. Crcn- Circulation. Cpe- Catastrophe. Crcr- Circular. Cpg- Capturing. Crcs- Circulates. Cpk- Complicate. Crd- Cared. Cpkd- Complicated. Crf- Careful. Cpkg- Complicating. Crg- Caring. Cpkn- Complication. Crj- Carriage. Cpm- Compromise. Crm- Ceremony. Cpmd- Compromised. Crmx- Ceremonious. Cpmg- Compromising. Crmxy- Ceremoniously. Cpms- Compromises. Crn- Certain. Cpn- Captain. Crny- Certainly. Cpo- Compose. Crp- Correspond. Cpod- Composed. Crpd- Corresponded. Cpog- Composing. Crpg- Corresponding. Cpon- Composition. Crpn- Corporation. Cpos- Composes. Crpt- Correspondent. Cpr- Capture. Crs- Cares. Cpt- Complete. Crt- Court. Cptd- Completed. Cru- Crew. Cptg- Completing. Cs- Case. Cptn- Completion. Csh- Cash. Cpts- Completes. Cshd- Cashed. Cpu- Compute. Cshg- Cashing. Cpud- Computed. Cshr- Cashier. Cpug- Computing. Csi- Consist. Cpun- Computation. Csid- Consisted. Cpus- Computes. Csig- Consisting. Cpv- Captive. Csis- Consists. Cpvy- Captivity. Csit- Consistent. Cpy- Comply. Csl- Counsel. Cpz- Capsize. Csm- Custom. Cpzd- Capsized. Csn- Cession. Cpzg- Capsizing. Csp- Championship. Cpzs- Capsizes. Csr- Customer. Cq- Correct. Css- Cases. Cqc- Consequence. Cst- Contest. Cqd- Corrected. Cstd- Contested. Cqg- Correcting. Cstg- Contesting. Cqn- Correction. Csts- Contests. Cqs- Corrects. Csu- Consume. 27 --------------------------------------------- Csud- Consumed. Czn- Citizen. Csug- Consuming. Cznsp- Citizenship Csun- Consumption. D- in the, or pence. Csuv- Consumptive. Das- Days. ---* Csy- Customary. Dau- Daughter. Ct- Connect. Db- Debate. Ctd- Connected. Dbd- Debated. Ctf- Certificate. Dbf- Destroyed by fire. Ctfn- Certification. Dbg- Debating. Ctg- Connecting. Dbl- Debatable. Ctm- Contempt. Dbr- Debater. Ctmb- Contemptible. Dbs- Debates. Ctn- Connection. Dbt- Doubt. Cts- Connects. Dc- District of Colum- Cty- City. bia. Ctz- Criticize. Dca- Decay. Ctzd- Criticized. Dcad- Decayed. Ctzg- Criticizing. Dcag- Decaying. Ctzm- Criticism. Dcd- Decide. Ctzs- Criticizes. Dcdd- Decided. Cu- Current. Dcds- Decides. Cuj- Courage. Dcg- Deciding. Cul- Culminate. Dcl- Declare. Culd- Culminated. Dcld- Declared. Culg- Culminating. Dclg- Declaring. Culn- Culmination. Dcln- Declaration. Culs- Culminates. Dcls- Declares. Cur- Currency. Dcn- Decision. Cus- Currents. Dcr- December. Cuy- Currently. Dcs- Decease. Cv- Cover. Dcsd- Deceased. Cvc- Convenience. Dct- District court. Cvd- Covered. Dcv- Decisive. Cvg- Covering. Dd- Did. Cvl- Civil. Ddc- Deduct. Cvk- Convoke. Ddcd- Deducted. Cvkd- Convoked. Ddcg- Deducting. Cvkg- Convoking. Ddcn- Deduction. Cvks- Convokes. Ddu- Deduce. ---* Cvn- Civilization. Ddud- Deduced. Cvt- Convenient. Ddug- Deducing. Cvy- Conveniently. Ddus- Deduces. Cvz- Civilize. Dduv- Deductive. Cvzd- Civilized. Dea- Deacon. Cvzg- Civilizing. Deb- Debris. Cy- Copy. Dec- Decrease. Cx- Capital letter. Decd- Decreased. Cxy- Consecutive. Decg- Decreasing. 28 --------------------------------------------- Decs- Decreases. Dgh- Distinguish. Ded- Dead. Dghd- Distinguished. Def- Defeat. Dghg- Distinguishing. Defd- Defeated. Dgt- Draught. Defg- Defeating. Dh- Deadhead. ---* Defs- Defeats. Di- Direct. Deft- Definite. Dia- Diamond. Defty- Definitely. Dif- Difficult. Deg- Degree. Difs- Difficulties. Degs- Degrees. Dify- Difficulty. Del- Delegate. Dig- Directing. Dela- Delaware. Din- Direction. Deln- Delegation. Dir- Director. Dels- Delegates. Dis- Directs. Dem- Democrat. Div- Dividend. Demc- Democratic. Divs- Dividends. Demy- Democracy. Diz- Disease. Dep- Deputy. Dizd- Diseased. Deps- Deputies. Dizs- Diseases. Depz- Deputize. Dj- Deject. *Des- Despatch, or Djd- Dejected. dispatch. Djn- Dejection. Det- Debt. Dk- Describe. Df- Differ. Dkd- Described. Dfc- Difference. Dkg- Describing. Dfd- Differed. Dkm- Discriminate. Dfdt- Defendant. Dkmd- Discriminated. Dfg- Differing. Dkmg- Discriminating. Dfi- Deficient. Dkmn- Discrimination. Dfm- Defame. Dkms- Discriminates. Dfmd- Defamed. Dkn- Description. Dfmg- Defaming. Dl- Deliver. Dfmn- Defamation. Dla- Delay. Dfn- Definition. Dlad- Delayed. Dfr- Defer. Dlag- Delaying. Dfrd- Deferred. Dlas- Delays. Dfrg- Deferring. Dlb- Deliberate. Dfs- Differs. Dlbd- Deliberated. Dft- Different. Dlbg- Deliberating. Dfty- Differently. Dlbn- Deliberation. Dfv- Defective. Dlby- Deliberately. Dfy- Deficiency. Dld- Delivered. Dg- Doing. Dlg- Delivering. .............................................. *The receiver may determine whether despatch or despatch is meant; the former meaning to for- ward concretely; e. g., to "despatch an army"; "despatch a messenger," and the latter meaning to send abstractly: "dispatch a telegram." 29 --------------------------------------------- Dlq- Delinquent. Dpd- Departed. Dlqy- Delinquency. Dpg- Departing. Dls- Delivers. Dpk- Depict. Dly- Delivery. Dpkd- Depicted. Dm- Demand. Dpkg- Depicting. Dmc- Domestic. Dpl- Disposal. Dmd- Demanded. Dpm- Department. Dmg- Demanding. Dpms- Departments. Dmh- Diminish. Dpn- Disposition. Dmhd- Diminished. Dpo- Dispose. Dmhg- Diminishing. Dpod- Disposed. Dmhs- Diminishes. Dpog- Disposing. Dmlh- Demolish. Dpr- Departure. Dmn- Demonstration. Dps- Departs. Dms- Demands. Dpt- Diplomat. Dmt- Demonstrate. Dpv- Deprive. Dmtd- Demonstrated. Dpy- Diplomacy. Dmtg- Demonstrating. Dq- Discover. Dmtr- Demonstrator. Dqc- Divorce. Dmz- Demoralize. Dqcd- Divorced. Dmzd- Demoralized. Dqce- Divorcee. Dmzg- Demoralizing. Dpcg- Divorcing. Dmzn- Demoralization. Dqd- Discovered. Dn- ? (Interrogation). Dqg- Discovering. Dnc- Denounce. Dqn- Drown. Dncd- Denounced. Dqr- Discoverer. Dncg- Denouncing. Dqs- Discovers. Dncn- Dunuciation. Dqy- Discovery. Dng- Danger. Dr- Doctor. Dngs- Dangers. Drd- Doctored. Dngx- Dangerous. Drf- Draft. Dnl- Denial. Drfs- Drafts. Dnm- Denomination. Drg- Doctoring. Dnr- Dinner. Drl- Dreadful. Doa - Department of Drs- Doctors. Agriculture. Ds- Discuss. Doc- Document. Dsb- Disturb. Docs- Documents. Dsbc- Disturbance. Docy- Documentary. Dsbd- Disturbed. Doj- Department of Dsbg- Disturbing. Justice. Dsc- Distance. Dol- Dollar. Dsd- Discussed. Dols- Dollars. Dsg- Discussing. Dom- Dominion. Dsi- Desist. Dos- Department of Dsl- Dissolve. State. Dsld- Dissolved. Dp- Depart. Dslg- Dissolving. Dpc- Diplomatic. Dsln- Dissolution. 30 --------------------------------------------- Dns- Discussion. Dvd- Divided. Dsp- Desperate. Dvg- Dividing. Despn- Desperation. Dvn- Division. Dsr- Desire. Dvo- Devote. Dsrd- Desired. Dvod- Devoted. Dsrg- Desiring. Dvog- Devoting. Dss- Discusses. Dvon- Devotion. Dst- Disaster. Dvp- Develop. Dsv- Deserve. Dvpd- Developed. Dsx- Disastrous. Dvpg- Developing. Dsy- Destroy. Dvpm- Development. Dsyd- Destroyed. Dvr- Devour. Dsyg- Destroying. Dvrd- Devoured. Dt- Do not. Dvrg- Devouring. Dtb- Distribute. Dvs- Divides. Dtbd- Distributed. Dvt- Divert. Dtbg- Distributing. Dvtd- Diverted. Dtbn- Distribution. Dvtg- Diverting. Dtf- Doubtful. Dvts- Diverts. Dth- Death. Dw- Draw. Dtm- Determine. Dwf- Dwarf. Dtmd- Determined. Dwg- Drawing. Dtmg- Determining. Dwl- Dwell. Dtn- Determination. *Dwn- Drawn. Dtr- Detract. Dwr- Drawer. Dtrd- Detracted. Dws- Draws. Dtrg- Detracting. Dx- (Dash). Dtv- Detective. Dxn- Destruction. Dtvs- Detectives. Dxv- Destructive. Du- Duty. Dny- Dynamite. Dub- Double. Dz- Does. Dubd- Doubled. Ea- Each. Dubg- Doubling. Ebd- Embezzled. Dup- Duplicate. Ebg- Embezzling. Dupd- Duplicated. Ebm- Embezzlement. Dupg- Duplicating. Ebr- Embezzler. Dupn- Duplication. Ebz- Embezzle. Dups- Duplicates. Ec- Ecclesiastic. Dur- During. Ecj- Encourage. Dus- Duties. Ecjn- Encouragement. Dv- Divide. Eck- Eccentric. Dva- Devastate. Ecl- Ecclasiastical. Dvad- Devastated. Ed- Editor. Dvag- Devastating. Edd- Edited. Dvan- Devastation. Edf- Edify. Dvc- Device. Edg- Editing. ................................................. *Spell out "down." 31 --------------------------------------------- Edl- Editorial. Ehy- Either year. Edn- Education. Ehz- Either from Ednl- Educational. which. Edt- Edit. Ej- Eject. Edu- Educate. Eja- Ejaculate. Edud- Educated. Ejad- Ejaculated. Edug- Educating. Ejag- Ejaculating. Edv- Endeavor. Ejan- Ejaculation. Edvd- Endeavored. Ejd- Ejected. Edvg- Endeavoring. Ejg- Ejecting. Edw- Edward. Ejm- Ejectment. Ef- Effect. Ejn- Ejection. Efd- Effected. Ejo- Enjoy. Efg- Effecting. Ejod- Enjoyed. Efi- Efficient. Ejog- Enjoying. Efl- Effectual. Ejom- Enjoyment. Efly- Effectually. Ejs- Ejects. Efm- Effeminate. Ek- Economy. Efo- Effort. Ekc- Economic. Efos- Efforts. Ekl- Economical. Efs- Effects. Eks- Economics. Efs- Effects. Eks- Economics. Efv- Effective. Ekz- Economize. Efvy- Effectively. El- Elect. Efy- Efficiency. Elc- Electric. Eg- England. Elcl- Electrical. Ega- Engage. Elcn- Electrician. Egad- Engaged. Elcy- Electrically. Egag- Engaging. Elcu- Electrocute. Egam- Engagement. Elcud- Electrocuted. Egh- English. Elcug- Electrocuting. Egm- Englishman. Elcum- EElectrocution. Egn- Englishmen. Elb- Elaborate. Egp- Egypt. Elbn- Elaboration. Egr- Eager. Eld- Elected. Egy- Eagerly. Elg- electing. Eh- Either. Elj- Elligible. Ehb- Either be. Eljy- Eligibility. Ehd- Either in the. Elm- Eliminate. Ehf- Either of the. Elmd- Eliminated. Ehg- Either from the. Elmg- Eliminating. Eho- Either of. Elmn- Elimination. Ehq- Either on the. Eln- Election. Ehr- Either are. Elo- Elope. Eht- Either the. Elod- Eloped. Ehu- Either you. Elog- Eloping. Ehv- Either of which. Elom- Elopment. Ehw- Either with. Elq- Eloquent. Ehx- Either in which. Elqc- Eloquence. 32 --------------------------------------------- Elqy- Eloquently. Enj- Enjoin. Elr- Elector. Enjd- Enjoined. Els- Elects. Enjng- Enjoining. Elt- Element. Enjm- Enjoyment. Elts- Elements. Enm- Entertainment. Elty- Elementary. Eno- Enormous. Elu- Elude. Enoy- Enormously. Elv- Elective. Enr- Enter. En4- Elsewhere. Enrd- Entered. Em- Embarrass. Enrg- Entering. Ebm- Embrace. Ent- Entertain. Embd- Embraced. Entd- Entertained. Embg- Embracing. Entg- Entertaining. Embt- Embracement. Enu- Enumerate. Emc- Emphatic. Enud- Enumerated. Ency- Emphatically. Enug- Enumerating. Emd- Embarrassed. Enun- Enumeration. Emg- Embarrassing. Env- Envelope. Emi- Emigrate. Envd- Enveloped. Emid- Emigrated. Envg- Enveloping. Emig- Emigrating. Envm- Envelopment. Emj- Emergent. Eny- Enthusiastically. Emjy- Emergency. Enz- Enterprise. Emm- Emigration. Enzg- Enterprizing. Emo- Emotion. Epd- Employed. Emp- Empty. Epg- Employing. Empd- Emptied. Epe- Employe[sic]. Empg- Emptying. Epl- Episcopal. Emt- Embarrassment. Epm- Employment. Emy- Embody. Epn- Episcopalian. Emyd- Embodied. Epr- Employer. Emyg- Embodying. Epy- Employ. Emym- Embodyment. Eq- Enquire. Emz- Emphasize. Eqb- Equable. Emzd- Emphasized. Eqd- Equalled. Emzg- Emphasizing. Eqg- Equaling. En- Enthusiasm. Eqk- Earthquake. Enn- Enable. Eql- Equal. Enc- Enthusiastic. Eqls- Equals. Enf- Enforce. Eqm- Equipment. Enfd- Enforced. Eqp- Equip. Enfg- Enforcing. Eqps- Enquires. Enfm- Enforcement. Eqv- Equivalent. Eng- Engine. Eqy- Equiry. Engr- Engineer. Eqz- Equalize. Engrd- Engineered. Eqzd- Equalized. Engrg- Engineering. Eqrg- Equalizing. Enh- Enough. Eqrn- Equalization. 33 --------------------------------------------- Er- Error. Exbd- Exhibited. Ers- Errors. Exbg- Exhibiting. Erx- Erroneous. Exbn- Exhibition. Erxy- Erroneously. Exc- Excess. Es- And. Exd- Expected. Esb- Establish. Exg- Exchange. Esbd- Established. Exk- Expect. Esbg- Establishing. Exkg- Expecting. Esbs- Establishes. Exkn- Expectation. Esc- And so forth. Exm- Examine. Esd- And in the. Exmd- Examined. Esk- Escape. Exmg- Examining. Eskd- Escaped. Exn- Examination. Eskg- Escaping. Exp- Express. Eskm- Escapement. Expd- Expressed. Esl- Essential. Expg- Expressing. Esls- Essentials. Expn- Expression. Esly- Essentially. Exq- Excuse. Esm- Establishment. Exqd- Excused. Esp- Especial. Exqg- Excusing. Espy- Especially. Exgs- Excuses. Esq- Esquire. Exr- Examiner. Esr- And are. Exrs- Examiners. Est- And the. Exv- Excessive. Etc- Etcetera. Ey- Every. Etd- Estimated. Eyb- Everybody. Etg- Estimating. Eyg- Everything. Etm- Estimate. Ey4-Everywhere. Etn- Estimation. F- Of the. Eu- Europe. Fa- Fail. Eun- European. Fab- Fabric. Ev- Ever. Fac- Fact. Eva- Evade. Facn- Faction. Evad- Evaded. Facr- Factor. Evag- Evading. Fad- Failed. Evan- Evasion. Fag- Failing. Evc- Evidence. Fam- Family. Evcd- Evidenced. Fap- Filed a petition. Evcg- Evidencing. Fapib- Filed a petition Evg- Evening. in bankrutcy. Evk- Evoke. Fas- Fails. Evkd- Evoked. Fau- Failure. Evkg- Evoking. Fav- Favor. Evm- Evermore. Fax- Facts. Evn- Even. Fb- Of the bill. Evt- Evident. Fbl- Favorable. Exa- Extra. Fbo- Fire broke out. Exb- Exhibit. Fbx- Fabulous. 34 --------------------------------------------- Fc- Fiscal. Fjd- Founded. Fcd- Financed. Fjg- Founding. Fcg- Financing. Fjn- Foundation. Fce- Finance. Fjr- Founder. Fch- French. Fjy- Foundry. Fcl- Financial. Fk- Fluctuate. Fcly- Financially. Fkd- Fluctuated. Fcr- Financier. Fkg- Fluctuating. Fcs- Finances. Fkn- Fluctuation. Fd- Find. Fks- Fuuctuates. Fdc- Federal Court. Fkx- Fictitious. Fdd- Federated. Fky- Factory. Fdg- Finding. Fl- Feel. Fdl- Federal. Fla- Flame. Fdm- Fundamental. Flas- Flames. Fdn- Federation. Fld- Field. Fdr- Finder. Fldd- Fielded. Fds- Finds. Fldg- Fielding. Fea- Feather. Flds- Fields. Feb- February. Flg- Feeling. Fem- Feminine. Flh- Flourish. Fev- Fever. Flhd- Flourished. Ffj- Fugitive from jus- Flhg- Flourishing. tice. Flhs- Flourishes. Ffr- Philosopher. Flo- Flow. Ffy- Philosophy. Flod- Flowed. Fg- Following. Flog- Flowing. Fgh- Photograph. Flos- Flows. Fghd- Photographed. Fls- Feels. Fghg- Photographing. Flz- Fertilize. Fghr- Photographer. Flzd- Fertilized. Fgm- Fragment. Flzg- Fertilizing. Fgms- Fragments. Flzr- Fertilizer. Fgmy- Fragmentary. Fm- From. Fgn- Foreign. Fmd- Formed. Fgnr- Foreigner. Fmg- Forming. Fgo- Following order. Fml- Formal. Fgr- Figure. Fmly- Formally. Fgd- Figured. Fmn- Formation. Fgg- Figuring. Fmr- Former. Fh- Forth. Fmy- Formerly. Fhr- Further. ---* Fmx- Famous. Fhw- Forthwith. Fn- Fifteen. Fi- Fire. Fna- Fanatic. Fid- Fired. Fnc- France. Fig- Firing. Fnd- Friend. Fin- Finish. Fndsp- Friendship. Fj- Found. Fnh- Furnish. 35 --------------------------------------------- Fnhd- Furnished. Ftm- For the murder. Fnhg- Furnishing. Ftp- For the purpose. Fnhs- Furnishes. Ftu -Feature. Fnk- Frank. Fty- Fatally. Fnl- Funeral. Fu- Few. Fnt- Front. Fug- Fugitive. Fny- Funny. Fui- Fully insured. Fnz- Frenzy. Fut- Future. Fo- For. Fv- Five. Foj- Fourth of July. Fvh- Fifth. Fot- Fought. Fvt- Favorite. Fou- Fourteen. Fw- Follow. Fp- Philanthropist. Fwd- Followed. Fpc- Philanthropic. Fx- Fort. Fpy- Philanthropy. Fxd- Fixed. Fq- Frequent. Fxg- Fixing. Fqd- Frequented. Fxn- Fortification. Fqg- Frequenting. Fxs- Forts. Fqs- Frequents. Fxy- Fortify. Fqy- Frequently. Fym- Furthermore. Fr- Four. Fyn- Fortune. Frc- Force. Fyt- Fortunate. Frcd- Forced. Fz- Freeze. Frcg- Forcing. Fzn- Frozen. Frd- Fraud. G- From the. Frdt- Fraudulent. Ga- Gave. Frh- Fourth. Gad- Guaranteed. Fri- Friday. Gag- Guaranteeing. Frl- Fearful. Gal- Gallon. Frm- Form. Gals- Gallon. Frn- Forenoon. Gar- Guarantee. Frt- Freight. Gau- Gauge. Frv- Forever. Gay- Guaranty. Frw- Forward. Gb- Great Britian. Frwd- Forwarded. Gc- Grace. Frwg- Forwarding. Gcl- Graceful. Frws- Forwards. Gcx- Gracious. Frx- Furious. Gcy- Gracefully. Fs- First. Gd- Good. Fsd- Finished. Gds- Goods. Ft- For the. Gen- General. Ftb- For the bill. Gens- Generals. Ftl- Fatal. Geny- Generally. ................................................ Use "fr" for "four" and say "4" for "where," except in groups. "fx" for "fort." Spell out "fix." 36 --------------------------------------------- Ger- German. Gom- Gulf of Mexico. Gery- Germany. Gov- Governor. Gf- Gulf. Gp- Group. Gfd- Gratified. Gpd- Grouped. Gfg- Gratifying. Gpg- Grouping. Gfn- Gratification. Gps- Groups. Gfy- Gratify. Gq- Geology. Gg- Going. Gql- Geological. Gh- Gather. Gqt- Geologist. Ghd- Gathered. Gr- Ground. Ghg- Gathering. Grd- Grounded. Ghs- Gathters. Grf- Greif. Gi- Gigantic. Grg- Grounding. Gj- Grand Jury. Grn- Grain. Gk- Greek. Grs- Grounds. Gks- Greeks. Grv- Greive. Gl- Girl. Grvd- Grieved. Glc- Glance. Grvg- Grieving. Glcd- Glanced. Gs- Guess. Glcg- Glancing. Gsd- Guessed. Gld- Gold. Gsg- Guessing. Glm- Gleam. Gsp- Gossip. Glmd- Gleamed. Gspd- Gossipped. Glmg- Gleaming. Gspg- Gossipping. Glms- Gleams. Gt- Great. Gln- Glean. Gtg----Getting. Glnd- Gleaned. Gtr- Greater. Glng- Gleaning. Gty- Greatly. Glns- Gleans. Gu- Guard. Gls- Girls. Gubl- Guernatorial. Glv- Glove. Gud- Guarded. Glvs- Gloves. Gug- Guarding. Glx- Glorious. Gus- Guards. Gm- Gentleman. Gv- Give. Gmn- Gentlemen. Gvc- Grievance. Gms- Gentleman's Gvg- Giving. Gmy- Gentlemanly. Gvn- Given. Gn- Gone. Gvt- Government. Gnd- Grand. Gw- Grow. Gni- Good night. Gwg- Growing. Gno- Gave notice. Gwh- Growth. Gnt- Grant. Gwn- Grown. Gntd- Granted. Gws- Grows. Gntg- Granting. Gx- Great excitement. Gnts- Grants. Gy- Guilty. Gnx- Generous. Gz- Gazette. Gnxy- Generously. Gzd- Gazetted. Goh- Guest of honor. Gzr- Gazetteer[sic]. 37 --------------------------------------------- H- Has. Hnd- Hundred. Hag- Haggle. Ho- Hold. Hagd- Haggled. Hog- Holding. Hagg- Haggling. Hom- Home. Hags- Haggles. Homs- Homes. Hap- Happy. Hon- Honorable. Hb- Has been. Hor- Holder. Hbr- Harbor. Hos- Holds. Hbrd- Harbored. Hox- Hostilities. Hbrg- Harboring. Hoy- Hostility. Hbrs- Harbors. Hp- Hope. Hc- Habeas corpus. Hpd- Hoped. Hd- Had. Hpf- Hopeful. Hdb- Had been. Hpg- Hoping. Hed- Head. Hpl- Hopeless. Hes- Hesitate. Hpn- Happen. Hesd- Hesitated. Hpnd- Happened. Hesn- Hesitation. Hpns- Happens. Hf- Half. Hps- Hopes. Hg- Having. Hqrs- Headquarters. Hgb- Having been. *Hr- Here. Hh- Has had. Hrd- Heard. Hhd- Hogshead. Hrf- Heretofore. Hi- High. Hrg- Hearing. Hib- Hibernian. Hrl- Hurl. Hin- Hinder. Hrld- Hurled. Hir- Higher. Hrlg- Hurling. Hk- Hook. Hrm- Harm. Hkd- Hooked. Hrmd- Harmed. Hkg- Hooking. Hrmg- Harming. Hkn- Hurricane. Hrms- Harms. Hkp- Handicap. Hrt- Hurt. Hks- Hooks. Hrtg- Hurting. Hl- Hell. Hrv- Harvest. Hlh- Health. Hrvd- Harvested. Hlp- Help. Hrvg- Harvesting. Helpd- Helped. Hrvr- Harvester. Hlpg- Helping. Hrvs- Harvests. Hly- Healthy. Hrw- Herewith. Hm- Him. Hry- Hurry. Hmx- Harmonious. Hs- His. Hmy- Harmony. Hsb- Husband. Hn- Has not. Hsf- Himself. Hnb- Has not been. Hsp- Hospital. Hnc- Hence. Ht- Has the. ............................................ *Spell out "hear." 38 --------------------------------------------- Htl- Hotel. Ict- Inconvenient. Hu- House. Icu- Include. Hub- House bill. Icud- Included. Huc- House committee. Icug- Including. Hud- Hudson. Icun- Inclusion. Hul- House of Lords. Icus- Includes. Huq- House of Com- Icv- Inconvenience. mons. ---* Icw- In connection Hur- House of Rep- with. resentatives. Id- Introduce. Hv- Have. Ida- Idaho. Hvb- Have been. Idc- Induct. Hvnb- Have not been. Idcd- Inducted. Hvk- Havoc. Idcg- Inducting. Hvr- However. Idcn- Induction. Hvu- Have you. Idd- Introduced. Hvy- Heavy. Idf- Identify. Hw- How. Idfd- Identified. Hx- Hyphen. Idfg- Identifying. Hy- Henry. Idfn- Identification. Hz- Hazard. Idg- Introducing. Hzd- Hazarded. Idm- Indictment. Hzg- Hazarding. Idn- Introduction. Hzx- Hazardous. Idt- Indict. Ia- Iowa. Idtd- Indicted. Iab- Introduced a bill. Idtg- Indicting. Ian- Indian. Idty- Identify. Iar- Introduced a reso- Idu- Induce. lution. Idud- Induced. Iat- In addition to. Idug- Inducing. Iaw- In accordance Idum- Inducement. with. Idy- Introductory. Ibo- In behalf of. Ifc- Inference. Ic- In connection. Ifd- Informed. Icc- Interstate Com- Ifg- Informing. merce Commis- Ifl- Informal. sion. Ifm- Inform. Icg- In concluding. Ifn- Information. Icj- Intercollegiate. Ifo- In favor of. Icm- Income. Ifq- Infrequent. Icmg- Incoming. Ifqy- Infrequently. Icms- Incomes. Ifr- Infer. Icn- In conclusion. Ift- Inflict. Icp- Incorporate. Iftd- Inflicted. Icpd- Incorporated. Iftg- Inflicting. Icpg- Incorparating. Iftn- Infliction. Icpn- Incorporation. Ifts- Inflicts. 38 --------------------------------------------- Ify- Infantry. Imn- Immigration. Ig- Indignant. Imnt- Imminent. Igc- Ignorance. Imp- Import. Igl- Illegal. Impd- Imported. Ign- Indignation. Impg- Importing. Igt- Ignorant. Impn- Importation. Igy- Indignantly. Imps- Imports. Ih- It has. Imt- Immediate. Iho- In honor of. Imv- Imaginative. Ij- Injure. Ina- Initiate. Ijc- Intelligence. Inad- Initiated. Ijd- Injured. Inag- Initiating. Ijg- Injuring. Inav- Initiative. Ijn- Injunction. Inas- Initiates. Ijs- Injures. Inc- Increase. Ijt- Intelligent. Incd- Incresed. Ijx- Injurious. Incg- Increasing. Ijy- Injury. Incs- Increases. Ik- Instantly killed. Ind- Indiana. Ikd- Indicated. Inf- Influence. Ikg- Indicating. Infl- Influential. Ikm- Incriminate. Inj- Injustice. Ikmd- Incriminated. Inl- International. Ikmg- Incriminating. Ino- Innocent. Ikmn- Incrimination. Inoc- Innocence. Ikms- Incriminates. Inp- Independent. Ikn- Indication. Inpy- Independently. Iks- Indicates. Inq- Inquest. Iku- Incumbent. Ins- Insurance. Ikv- Indicative. Instn- Institution. Ild- Illustrated. Instu- Institute. Ilg- Illustrating. Instd- Instituted. Iln- Illustration. Instg- Instituting. Ils- Illustrates. Insx- Instantaneous. Ilt- Illustrate. Int- Interest. Ilv- Illustrative. Intd- Interested. Ilx- Illustrious. Intg- Interesting. Im- Immediately. Inu- Innumerable. Ima- Imagine. Inv- Involve. Iman- Imagination. Invd- Involved. Imd- Imagined. Invg- Involving. Img- Imagining. Inx- Instruct. Imi- Immigrate. Inxd- Instructed. Imid- Immigrated. Inxg- Instructing. Imig- Immigrating. Inxn- Instruction. Imm- Immense. Inxs- Instructs. Immy- Immensely. Iny- Incendiary. 40 --------------------------------------------- Inys- Incendiaries. Isi- Insist. Io- In order. Isjt- Insurgent. Iot- In order to Isjts- Insurgents. Ip- Improve. Isjy- Insurgency. Ipc- Importance. Isn- Island. Ipd- Improved. Iso- In spite of. Ipg- Improving. Ista- Interstate. Ipk- Implicate. Isu- Issue. Ipkd- Implicated. Isuc- Issuance. Lpkg- Implicating. Isud- Issued. Ipkn- Implication. Isug- Issuing. Ipm- Improvement. Isus- Issues. Ipn- Imposition. Isw- In sympathy with. Ipo- Impose. Isxn- Insurrection. Ipod- Imposed. Isxn- Insurrection. Ipog- Imposing. Itc- In this connection. Ips- Improves. Itd- Intend. Ipt- Important. Itdd- Intended. Ipu- Impute. Itg- Intending. Ipud- Imputed. Itf- Interfere. Ipug- Imputing. Itfd- Interfered. Ipun- Imputation. Itfg- Interfering. Ipus- Imputes. Itn- Intention. Ipx- Inspect. Itx- Intoxicate. Ipxd- Inspected. Itxd- Intoxicated. Ipxg- Inspecting. Itxg- Intoxicating. Ipxn- Inspection. Itxn- Intoxication. Ipxs- Inspects. Iug- Inaugurate. Iq- Inquire. Iugd- Inaugurated. Iqd- Inquired. Iugg- Inaugurating. Iqg- Inquiring. Iul- Industrial. Iqn- Inquisition. Iun- Inauguration. Iqo- In consequence of. Iup- Interrupt. Iqr- Inquirer. Iupd- Interrupted. Iqs- Inquires. Iupg- Interrupting. Iqy- Inquiry. Iupn- Interruption. Ir- Irregular. Iux- Industrious. Ird- Ireland. Iuxy- Industrously. Irh- Irish. Iuy- Industry. Irl- Internal. Iuys- Industries. Irn- Iron. Iv- In view. Irs- Irregularities. Iva- Invade. Irt- In regard to. Ivad- Invaded. Iry- Irregularly. Ivag- Invading. Isc- Instance. Ivan- Invasion. Iscd- Instanced. Ivas- Invades. Iscg- Istancing. Ivd- Investigated. Iscs- Instances. Ivg- Investigate. 41 --------------------------------------------- Ivgg- Investigating. Jbt- Jubilant. Ink- Invoke. Jdl- Judicial. Ivkd- Invoked. Jdx- Judicious. Ivkn- Invocation. Jdxy- Judiciously. Ivkn- Invocation. Jdy- Judiciary. Ivl- Individual. Jf- Justify. Ivm- Investment. Jfd- Justified. Ivn- Investigation. Jfg- Justifying. Ivo- In view of. Jfl- Justifiable. Ivs- Invest. Jfn- Justification. Ivsd- Invested. Jfs- Justfies. Ivsg- Investing. Jg- Judge. Ivt- Invite. Jgd- Judged. Ivtd- Invited. Jgg- Judging. Ivtg- Inviting. Jgm- Judgment. Ivtn- Invitation. Jgs- Judges. Ivts- Invites. Jl- Jail. Ivu- Interview. Jlsy- Jealousy. Ivud- Interviewed. Jlx- Jealous. Ivug- Interviewing. Jlxy- Jealously. Iw- It was. Jly- July. Iwb- It was believed. Jn- Join. Iwc- It was claimed. Jnd- Joined. Iwf- it was feared. Jng- Joining. Iwh- It was held. Jnl- Journal. Iwj- It was alleged. Jns- Joins. Iwn- It was not. Jny- Journey. Iwr- It was reported. Jop- Justice of the Iwu- It was understood. Peace. Iwx- It was expected. Jp- Japan. Ix- It is. Jpe- Japanese. Ixb- It is believed. Jpx- Joepardous. Ixc- It is claimed. Jpy- Jeopardy. Ixf- It is feared. Jpz- Jeopardize. Ixh- It is held. Jr- Junior. Ixj- It is alleged. Jrn- Jurisdiction. Ixn- It is not. Jrnl- Jurisdictional. Ixp- It is possible. Js- Just. Ixr- It is reported. Jsc- Justice. Ixs- It is said. Jsy- Justly. Ixt- It is the. Jt- Joint. Ixu- It is understood. Jty- Jointly. Ixx- It is expected. Ju- Jury. J- By whiche. Jus- Juries. Jan- January. Jvn- Javelin. Jas- James. Jwl- Jewel. Jb- Jubilee. Jwy- Jewelry. Jbn- Jubilation. Jz- Juarex (Mexico). 42 --------------------------------------------- K- Out of the. Kg- King. Kah- Knots an hour. Kgd- Congratulated. Kan- Kansas. Kgg- Congratulating. Kb- Contribute. Kgm- Kingdom. Kbd- Contributed. ---* Kgn- Congratulation. Kbg- Contributing. Kgu- Congratulate. Kbn- Contribution. Kgy- Congratulatory. Kbs- Contributes. Ki- Kill. Kc- Concentrate. Kid- Killed. Kcd- Concentrated. Kig- Killing. Kcg- Concentrating. Kis- Kills. Kcl- Conciliate. Kj- Complain. Kcld- Conciliated. Kjd- Complained. Kclg- Conciliating. Kjg- Complaining. Kcln- Conciliation. Kjn- Conjunction. Kcls- Conciliates. Kjt- Complaint. Kcn- Concentration. Kl- Collect. Kcs- Concentrates. Kld- Collected. Kcx- Conscious. Klg- collecting. Kcxn- Consciousness. Kli- Collide. Kd- Kind. Klid- Collided. Kdc- Conduct. Klig- Colliding. Kdcd- Conducted. Kln- Collection. Kdcg- Conducting. Klps- Collapse. Kdcr- Conductor. Klpsd- Collapsed. Kdg- Knowledge. Klpsg- Collapsing. Kdn- Kindness. Klr- Collector. Kdu- Conduce. Klrl- Collateral. Kdud- Conduced. Kls- Collects. Kdug- Conducing. Klsn- Collision. Kdus- Conduces. Klv- collective. Kdy- Kindly. Km- Communicate. Kf- Confer. Kmd- Communicated. Kdc- Conference. Kmg- Communicating. Kfd- Conferred. Kml- Criminal. Kfe- Conferee. Kmly- Criminally. Kfg- Conferring. Kmn- Communication. Kfm- Conform Kmp- Compare. Kfmd- Conformed Kmpd- Compared. Kfmg- Conforming. Kmpg- Comparing. Kfms- Conforms. Kmpv- Comparative. Kfmy- Conformity. Kmw- Communicate Kfs- Confers. with. ---* Kft- Conflict. Kmy- Community. Kftd- Conflicted. Kn- Known. Kftg- Conflicting. Knc- Conscience. Kfts- Conflicts. Knd- Candidate. Kfw- Confer with. Kndy- Candidacy. 43 --------------------------------------------- Knp- Contemplate. Krbn- Corroboration. Knpd- Contemplated. Krbs- Corroborates. Knpg- Contemplating. Krd- Colored. Knpn- Contemplation. Krg- Coloring. Knps- Contemplates. Krp- Corrupt. Kns- Converse. Krpd- Corrupted. Knsd- Conversed. Krpg- Corrupting. Knsg- Conversing. Krpn- Corruption. Knv- Conversation. Krps- Corrupts. Knx- Conscientious. Krs- Colors. Kny- Conscientiously. Kru- Crusade. Ko- Colon (:). Ks- Conserve. Kol- Column. Ksd- Conserved. Kom- Common. Ksg- Conserving. Kop- Co-operate. Ksm- Conservatism. Kopd- Co-operated. Ksn- Conservation. Kopg- Go-operating. Kst- Christ. ---* Kopn- Co-operation. Kstn- CHristian. Kp- Keep. Ksu- Consummate. Kpd- Comprehend. Ksud- Consummated. Kpg- Keeping. Ksug- Consummating. Kpl- Compel. Ksun- Consummation. Kpn- Competition. Ksv- Conservative. Kpr- Conspire. Kt- Contain. Kprd- Conspired. Ktd- Contained. Kprg- Conspiring. Ktg- Containing. Kpt- Compete. Kts Contains. Kptd- Competed. Ktv- Controvert. Kptg- Competing. Kty- Controversy. Kptr- Competitor. Ku- Continue. Kptv- Competitive. Kuc- Continuance. Kpv- Coomprehensive. Kud- Continued. Kpx- Conspicuous. Kug- continuing. Kpy- Conspiracy. Kul- Continual. Kq- Colon, Quota- Kun- Continuation. tion (:"). Kus- Continues. Kqc- Convince. Kuy- Continually. Kqcd- Convinced. Kv- Convert. Kqcd- Convincing. Kva Convey. Kqd- Convicted. Kvac- Conveyance. Kqd- Convicting. Kvad- Conveyed. Kqn- Conviction Kvag- Conveying. Kgq- Convects. Kvb- Convertible. Kqt- Convict. Kvd- Converted. Kr- Color. Kvg- Converting. Krb- Corroborate. Kvn- Conversion. Krbd- Corroborated. Kvs- Converts. Krbg- Corroborating. Kvy- Convertibly. 44 --------------------------------------------- Kw - Know. Lgs- Longs. Kwg- Knowing. Lgt- Legitimate. Kws- Knows. Lgu- League. Kx- Colon, dash Lgy- Legally. (: -). Lgz- Legalize. Kxc- Construct. Lia- Liability. Kxd- Constructed. Lias- Liabilities. Kxg- Constructing. Lib- Liberty. Kxn- Construction. Libs- Liberties. Kxs- Constructs. Lic- License. Ky- Kentucky. Licd- Licensed. Kyn- Kentuckian. Licg- Licensing. Kz- Consult. Lics- Licenses. Kzd- Consulted. Lit- Little. Kzg- Consulting. Lk- Like. Kzn- Consultation. Lkd- Liked. Kzs- Consults. Lkg- Liking. La- Louisiana. Lks- Likes. Lab- Labor. Lky- Likely. Labd- Labored. Ln- Loan. Labg- Laboring. lnd- Loaned. Labs- Labors. Lng- Loaning. Laby- Laboratory. Lns- Loans. Laf- Laugh. Loco- Locomotive. Lag- Language. Loj- Lodge. Lan- Lousianian. Lok- Lock. Las- Last. Lol- Loss of Life. Lat- Latitude. Lon- Longitude. Lav- Lavish. Lov- Love. Lavd- Lavished. Lp- Liverpool. Lavg- Lavishing. Lq- Liquor. Lavy- Lavishly. Lqd- Liquidated. Lbl- Liberal. Lqd- Liquidating. Lbr- Lumber. Lqn- Liquidation. Lbx- Laborious. Lqt- Liquidate. Ld- London. Lqs- Liquors. Ldg- Leading. Lr- Lower. Ldr- Leader. Lrj- Large. Lea- Leather. Lrn- Learn. Lf- Life. Lrnd- Learned. Lfb- File boat. Lrng- Learning. Lfi- Life insurance. Lt- Lieutenant. Lfr- Laughter. Ltr- Letter. Lg- Long. Lu- Lieu. Lgd- Longed. Luk- Look. Lgg- Longing. Lux- Luxury. Lgl- Legal. Lv- Leave. Lgr- Longer. Lng- Leaving. 45 --------------------------------------------- Lvs- Leaves. Mgr- Manager. Lw- Law. Mgs- Manages. Lw- Law. Mgs- Manages. Lwf- Lawful. Mh- Much. Lwl- Lawless. Mid- Midnight. Lwr- Lawyer. Mil- Military. Lx- Pounds Sterling. Min- Minute. Lyg- Lying, Mir- Minister. M- More. Mit- Might. Mab- May be. Mjt- Magistrate. Mag- Magnificent. Mjy- Majority. Mah- Miles an hour. Mk- make. Maj- Major. Mkg- Making. Mam- Mammoth. Mkr- Maker. Mar- March. Mks- Makes. Mas- Massachusetts. Mkt- Market. Mat- Material. Ml- Mail. Max- Maximum. Mld- Mailed. Mbz- Mobilize. Mlg- Mailing. Mbzn- Mobilization. Mls- Mails. Mch- Machine. Mlx- Malicious. Mck -Mechanic. Mlxy- Maliciously. Mcl- Mechanical Mm- Mid-meridian (12 Mcn- Mechanician. o'clock midnight, Mcy- Machinery. when the sun is Md- Made. equidistant from Mda- Monday. the meridian, or Mdf- Modify. noon). Mdfn- Modification. Mmb- Memorable. Mdg- Middling. Mml- Memorial. Mdl- Middle. Mmy- Memory. Mdm- Medium. Mmz- Memorize. Mdn- Moderation. Mnf- Manifest. Mdt- Moderate. Mnfd- manifested. Mdy- Moderately. Mnfg- Manifesting. Mdz- Merchandise. Mnfn- manifestation. Me- Maine. Mng- Morning. Med- Mediterranean. Mnm- Minumum. Mem- Member. Mnr- Manner. Mf- Manufacture. Mnv- Maneuver. Mfd- Manufactured. Mnx- Monotonous. Mfg- Manufacturing. Mny- Many. Mfr- Manufacturer. Mo- Month. Mfs- Manufactures. Med- Modern. Mfy- Manfactory. Mof- Matter of fact. Mg- Manage. Mol- More or less. Mgd- Managed. Mom- Moment. Mgg- Managing. Momx- Momentous. Mgm- Management. Mon- Money. 46 --------------------------------------------- Mos- Months. Mut- Mutual. ---* Moy- Monthly. Muty- Mutually. Mpc- Monopolistic. Mux- Murderous. Mpd- Manipulated. Muy- Municipality. Mpg- Manipulating. Muys- Municipalities. Mpn- Manipulation. Mv- Move. Mpon- Metropolitan. Mvd- Moved. Mpu- Maipulate. Mvg- Moving. Mpy- Monopoly. Mvl- Moveable. Mpz- Monapolize. Mvr- Mover. Mr- Mister. Mvs- Moves. Mrd- Married. Mw- Meanwhile. Mrg- Mortgage. Mx- Mix. Mrj- Marriage. Mxc- Maintenance. Mrl- Marshal. Mxd- Mixed. Mrv- Marvel. Mxg- Mixing. Mrvx- Marvelous. Mxn- Maintain. Mry- Marry. Mxnd- Maintained. Ms- Most. Mxng- Maintaining. Msd- Missed. Mxr- Mixer. Msg- Missing. Mxs- Mixes. Msj- Message. Myd- Maryland. Msjr- Messenger. Myn- Million. Msk- Mistake. Myr- Millionaire. Mskn- Mistaken. Mys-- Mystery. Msn- Mission. Myx- Mysterious. Msny- Missionary. N- Not. Msp- Mississippi. Na- Name. Msr- Measure. Nad- Named. Msrd- Measured. Nag- Naming. Msrg- Measuring. Mal- National. Msrm- Measurement. Nas- Names. Mst- Must. Nav- Navigate. Msy- Mostly. Navn- Navigation. Mt- Meet. Nb- Not be. Mtg- Meeting. Nbg- Not being. Mtn- Mountain. Nbh- Neighborhood. Mtr- Matter. Nbr- Neighbor. Mts- Meets. Nbrg- Neighboring. Mty- Materially. Nc- Norch Carolina. Mtz- Materialize. Nct- Necessitate. Mtzn- Materialization. Ncy- Necessity. Mu- Murder. Nd- Need. Mud- Murdered. Nfd- Needful. Mug- Murdering. Ndg- Needling. Mun- Municipal. Ndy- Needy. Mur- Murderer. Ne- New England. Mus- Murders. Neb- Nebraska. 47 --------------------------------------------- Nec- Necessary. Nv- Never. Neg- Negative. Nvl- Nevertheless. Nev- Nevada. Nvx- Nervous. Nf- Notify. Nw- Now. Nfd- Notified. Nwg- Notwithstand- Nfg- Notifying. ing. Nfk- Norfolk. Nx- Next. ---* Nfn- Notification. Ny- New York. Ng- Negotiate. Nz- New Zealand. Ngd- Negothiated. O- Of. Ngg- Negotiating. Oa- Of a. Ngn- Negotiation. Oao- On account of. Ngs- Negotiates. Ob- Obtain. Nh- New Hampshire. Obc- Obedience. Ni- Night. Obd- Obtained. Nik- Nicaragua. Obg- Obtaining. Nj- New Jersey. Obo- On behalf of. Nl- Natural. Obq- Obscure. Nly- Naturally. Obqd- Obscured. Nlz- Naturalize. Obqg- Obscuring. Nlzn- Naturalization. Obqy- Obscurity. Nm- Nominate. Obs- Obtains. Nmd- Nominated. Obt- Obedient. Nme- Nominee. Oc- O'clock. Nmg- Nominating. Oca- Occasion. Nml- Nominal. Occ- Occurrence. Nmn- Nomination. Ocd- Occasioned. No- New Orleans, La. Ocg- Occasioning. Nor- Normal. Ocl- Occasional. Nov- November. Oct- October. Nr- Near. ---* Ocu- Occur. Nrv- Nerve. Ocud- Occurred. Nry- Nearly. Ocug- Occurring. Nt- North. Ocy- Occasionally. Ntc- Notice. Od- Order. Ntg- Nothing. Odd- Ordered. Ntn- Northern. Odg- Ordering. Ntr- Neither. Ods- Orders. Ntx- Notorious. Ody- Orderly. Nty- Northerly. Ofc- Officer. Nu- New. Ofd- Offered. Num- Number. Ofg- Offering. Numd- Numbered. Ofl- Official. Numg- Numbering. Ofn- Often. Nums- Numbers. Ofr- Offer. Nup- Newspaper. Ofs- Office. Nus- News. Ofy- Officially. Nux- Numerous. Og- Organize. 48 --------------------------------------------- Ogd- Organized. Oss- Opposes. Ogg- Organizing. Ost- Opposite. Ogl- Original. Ot- Owing to. Ogn Organization. Otg- Outrage. Ogs- Organizes. Otgx- OUtrageous. Ogt- On the ground Otr- Other. that. Ou- Our. Ogy- Originally. Ov- Over. Oh- Ohio. Ova- Ovation. Oht- Ought. Ovb- Overboard. Oj- Object. Ovm- Overwhelm. Ojd- Objected. Ovmd- Overwhelmed. Ojg- Objecting. Ovmg- Overwhelming. Ojl- Objectionable. Ovms- Overwhelms. Ojn- Objection. Ow- On which. Ojs- Objects. Owd- Owed. Ojv- Objective. Owg- Owing. Oko- Of course. Owz- Otherwise. Om- Omit. Oz- Ounce. Omd- Omitted. P- Per. Omg- Omitting. Pa- Pennsylvania. Omn- Omission. Pab- Passed a bill. Omo- On motion of. Pac- Pacific. Oms- Omits. Pacn- Pacification. Ond- Owned. Pag- Paying. Onr- Owner. Pam- Pamphlet. Ont- Ontario. ---* Pap- Paper. Op- Opportunity. Paps- Papers. Opd- Opened. Pat- Patent. Opg- Opening. Pau- Pause. Opn- Opinion. (Spell Pb- Probable. out "Open.") Pbg- Pittsburg. Opr- Operator. Pbm- Problem. Ops- Opportunities. Pbty- Probability. Opt- Opponent. Pby- Probably. Opu- Opportune. Pc- Percent. Oq- Eccupy. Pcb- Practicable. Oqd- Occupied. Pcd- Proceed. Oqg- Occupying. Pcdr- Procedure. Ojn- Occupation. Pcdg- Proceeding. Oq- Occupies. Pch- Purchase. Oqt- Occupant. Pchhd- Purchased. Oqy- Occupancy. Pchg- Purchasing. Ory- Ordinary. Pci- Percentage. Os- Oppose. Pcl- Practical. Osd- Opposed. Pcn- Procession. Osg- Opposing. Pcp- Participate. Osn- Opposition. Pcpd- Participated. 49 --------------------------------------------- Pcpn- Participation. Pf- Prefer. Pcpt- Participant. Pfc- Preference. Pct- Precipitate. Pfd- Preferred. Pctd- Precipitated. Pff- Plaintiff. Pctg- Precipitating. Pfg- Preferring. Pctn- Precipitation. Pfk- Perfunctory. Pcts- Precipitates. Pfky- Perfunctorily. Pcu- Preclude. Pfl- Preferable. Pcud- Precluded. Pfly- Preferably. Pcug- Precluding. Pfm- Perform. Pcus- Precludes. Pfn- Perfection. Pcv- Perceive. Pfsl- Professional. Pcvd- Perceived. Pfsn- Professoin. Pcy- Practically. Pftd- Perfected. Pd- Paid. Pftg- Perfecting. Pdc- Precedence. Pfu- Profuse. Pdd- Preceeded. Pfun- Profusion. Pde- Precede. Pfuy- Profusely. Pdg- Preceding. Pfy- Perfectly. Pdk- Predict. Pg- Progress. Pdkd- Predicted. Pgd- Progressed. Pdkg- Predicting. Pgg- Progressing. Pdkn- Prediction. Pgh- Paragraph. Pdm- Predominate. Pgm- Programe. Pmd- Predominated. Pgn- Progression. Pdmg- Predominating. Pgr- Passenger. Pdn- Production. Pgs- Progresses. Pdr- Predecessor. Pgv- Progressive. Pdt- Precedent. Ph- Perhaps. Pdu- Produce. Pha- Philadelphia. Pdud- Produced. Phb- Prohibit. Pdug- Producing. Phbd- Prohibited. Pdus- Produces. Phbg- Prohibiting. Pdut- Product. Phbn- Prohibition. Pdv- Productive. Phc- Physic. Pe- Principle. Phcs- Physics. Pedn- Pedestrian. Phl- Physical. Pem- Presented a me- Phn -Physician. morial. Phy --Physically. Peny- Penitentiary. Pip -Philippine. Peo- People. Pips- Phillippines. Pep- Presented a pe- Pj- Prejudice. tition. Pjd- Prejudiced. Pes- Principles. Pjg- Prejudicing. Pet- Petition. Pjl- Prejudicial. Petd- Petitioned. Pjn- Projection. Petg- Petitioning. Pjr- Perjure. 50 --------------------------------------------- Pjs- Prejudices. Pnr- Prisoner. Pjt- Project. Pnt- Point. Pjtd- Projected. Pnx- Precencts. Pjtg- Projecting. Pny- Principally. Pjy- Perjury. Po- Post-office. Pk- Particular. Pod- Post-office de- Pkg- Packing. partment. Pkj- Package. Pog- Postage. Pkm- Predicament. Pon- Position. Pks- Particulars. Pop- Popular. Pku- Peculiar.. Popn- Population. Pkuly- Peculiarly. Pos- Possible. Pkuy- Peculiarity. Posy- Possibly. Pky- Particularly. Pot- President of the. Pkz- Particularize. Potus- President of the Plf- Platform. United States. Pln- Politician. Pov- Poverty. Plny- Preliminary. Pox- Police. Plm- Parliament. Poxm- Policeman. Plmy- Parliamentary Poxn- Policemen. Pls- Please. Poy- Possibility. Plsr- Pleasure. Pp- Postpone. Plx- Politics. Ppd- Postponed. Ply- Politically. Ppg- Postponing. Pm- Postmaster. Ppl- Proposal. Pma- Panama. Ppm- Postponement. Pmac- Panama Canal. Ppn- Proposition. Pmo- Prominence. Ppo- Propose. Pmg- Postmaster-Gen- Ppod- Proposed. eral. Ppog- Proposing. Pmn- Proclamation. Ppr- Prepare. Pmnt- Prominent. Pprd- Prepared. Pmp- Peremptory. Pprg- Preparing. Pmpy- Peremptorily. Pprn- Preparation. Pmsl- Permissible. Pprs- Prepares. Pmsn- Permission. Ppry- Preparatory. Pmt- Permit. Pps- Postpones. Pmtd- Permitted. Ppy- Property. Pmtg- Permitting. Pq- Possess. Pmy- Prominently. Pgd- Possessed. Pnc- Pronounce. Pqg- Possessing. Pncd- Pronounced. Pqn- Possission. Pncg- Pronouncing. Pqy- Plurality. Pncn- Pronunciation. Pr- President. ---* Png- Pending. Prm- Permanent. Pnl- Principal. Prn- Prison. Pnpy- Plenipotentiary. Prp- Proper. 51 --------------------------------------------- Prpn- Proportion. ---* Pud- Published. Prs- Presidents. Pug- Publishing. Prt- Part. Puh- Publish. Prty- Party. Puhr- Publisher. Pry- Presidency. Pum- Publication. Ps- Pass. Pur- Purpose. Psd- Passed. Puy- Publicly. Psc- Persistence. Pv- Privilege. Psg- Passing. Pvc- Province. Psi- Persist. Pvcl- Provincial. Psid- Persisted. Pvd- Privileged. Psig- Persisting. Pvi- Provide. Psis- Persists. Pvid- Provided. Psit- Persistent. Pvig- Providing. Psj- Passage. Pvk- Provoke. Psk- Prospect. Pvkd- Provoked. Pskd- Prospected. Pvkg- Provoking. Pskg- Prospecting. Pvl- Prevail. Pskv- Prospective. Pvld- Prevailed. Psl- Personal. Pvlg- Prevailing. Psn- Person. Pvlc- Prevalence. Psnl- Personnel. Pvn- Prevent. Pspx- Prosperous. Pvntd- Prevented. Pspy- Prosperity. Pvntg- Preventing. Psq- Prosecute. Pvnl- Provisional. Psqd- Prosecuted. Pvtn- Prevention. Pqqg- Prosecuting. Pvs- Privilegis. Psqn- Prosecution. Pvt- Private. Pss- Passes. Pvx- Previous. Psu- Presume. Pvxy- Previously. Psud- Presumed. Pvy- Privately. Psug- Presuming. Pw- Power. Psun- Presumption. Pwf- Powerful. Psuy- Presumably. Pws- Powers. Psv- Passive. Pwy- Powerfully. Psy- Personally. Px- Price Pt- Present. Pxl- Political. Ptc- Pretence. Pxn- Protection. Ptd- Presented. Pxo- Porto Rico. Ptg- Presenting. Pxon- Porto Rican. Ptm- Presentment. Pxs- Prices. Ptn- Presentation. Pxt- Protect. Ptr- Presenter. Pxtd- Protected. Pts- Presents. Pxtg- Protecting. Pty- Presently. Pxts- Portects. Pu- Public. Pby- Presbytery. Pucy- Publicity. Pyn- Presbyterian. 52 --------------------------------------------- Pz- Prize. Qu- Quiet. Pzd- Prized. Quo- Quota. Pzg- Prizing. Quy- Quietly. Pzn- Poison. R- Are. Pznd- Poisoned. Ra- Raise. Pzng- Poisining. Rad- Raised. Pzr- Poisoner. Raf- Ratify. Pzs- Prizes. Rafd- Ratified. Q- On the. Rafg- Ratifying. Qa- Quality. Rafn- Ratification. Qad- Qualified. Rafs- Ratifies. Qag- Qualifying. Rag- Raising. Qan- Jualification. Rah- Ravish. Ray- Quality. Ral- Radical. Qb- On the bill. Ras- Raises. Cq- Concur. Rav- Ravage. Qcc- Concurrence. Rb- Rob. Qcd- Concuurred. Rbd- Robbed. Qcg- Concurring. Rbg- Robbing. Qcs- Concurs. Rbr- Robber. Qct- Concurrent. Rby- Robbery. Qk- Quick. Rc- Receive. Qky- Quickly. Rcd- Received. Qm- Quartermaster. Rcg- Receiving. Qmg- Quartermaster- Rcn- Reception. general. Rcp- Reciprocate. Qny- Quantity. Rcpl- Reciprcal. Qco- On the contrary. Rcpy- Reciprocity. Qoh- On the other hand. Rcr- Receiver. Qom- Quorum. Rcs- Receives. Qow- On the whole. Rct- Receipt. Qp- On the part of. Rcu- Recuperate. Qpt- On the part of the. Rcud- Recuperated. Qq- On the question. Rcug- Recuperating. Qr- Quarter. Rd- Read. Qrd- Quartered. Rdg- Reading. Qrg- Quartering. Rdn- Reduction. ---* Qrl- Quarrel. Rdr- Reader. Qrs- Quarters. Rds- Reads. Qry- Quarterly. Rdu- Reduce. Qrz- Quartz. Rdud- Reduced. Qsd- Questioned. Rdug- Reducing. Qsg- Questioning. Rdx- Ridiculous. Qsh- Quash. Rdy- Ready. Qsn- Question. Reb- Rebel. Qso- Quite so. Reg- Register. Qt- Quite. Regd- Registered. Qtn- Quotation. Regg- Registering. 53 --------------------------------------------- Regn- Registration. Rj- Reject. Regr- Registrar. Rjc- Rejoice. Regs- Registers. Rjcd- Rejoiced. Rek- Wreck. Rjcg- Rejoicing. Rekj- Wreckage. Rjd- Rejected. Rept- Repeat. Rjg- Rejecting. Repd- Repeated. Rjn- Rejection. Repg- Repeating. Rjr- Rejector. Reptn- Repetition. Rjs- Rejects. Req- Request. Rk- Recover. Reqd- Requested. Rkc- Recognizance. Reqd- Requesting. Rkd- Rocovered. Reqs- Requests. Rkg- Recovering. Rev- Reverend. Rkn- Recognition. Rf- Refer. Rko- Record. Rfc- Reference. Rkod- Recorded. Rfd- Referred. Rkog- Recording. Rfe- Referee. Rks- Recovers. Rfg- Referring. Rky- Recovery. Rfk- Reflect. Rkz- Recognize. Rfkd- Reflected. Rkzd- Recognized. Rfkg- Reflecting. Rl- Leal. Rfkn- Ferlection. Rla- Relate. Rfm- Reform. Rlave- Relative. Rfn- Reformation. Rlb- Reliable. Rfr- Reformer. Rlc- Reluctance. Rfs- Refers. Rld- Related. Rfu- Refuse. Rlf- Relief. Rfud- Refused. Rlg- Relating. Rfug- Refusing. Rlj- Religion. Rfum- Referendum. Rljx- Religious. Rg- Regular. Rln- Relation. Rgd- Regard. Rlps- Relapse. Rgdd- Regarded. Rlpsd- Relapsed. Rgdg- Regarding. Rlpsg- Relapsing. Rgds- Regards. Rlpss- Relapses. Rgm- Regiment. Rlq- Relinquish. Rgn- Regulation. Rls- Release. Rgs- Regulars. Rlsd- Released. Rgt- Regulate. Rlsg- Releasing. Rgy- Regularly. Rlv- Relieve. Rh- Reach. Rlvd- Relieved. Rhd- Reached. Rlvg- Relieving. Rhg- Reaching. Rly- Really. Rhr- Rather. Rlz- Realize. Rhs- Reaches. Rm- Remain. Rht- Right. Rmb- Remember. Ri- Rhode Island. Rmc- Remembrance. 54 --------------------------------------------- Rmd- Remained. Rps- Reports. Rmg- Remaining. Rpt- Represent. Rmk- Remark. Rptd- Represented. Rmkd- Remarked. Rptg- Representing. Rmkg- Remarking. Rptn- Representation. Rmn- Rumuneration. Rpu- Repudiate. Rmr- Rumor. Rpud- Repudiated. Rmrd- Rumored. Rpug- Rupudiating. Rmrg- Rumoring. Rpun- Repudiation. Rms Remains. Rpv- Representative. Rmt- Remit. Rpvs- Representatives. Rmu- Remunerate. Rpy- Reply. Rmv- Remunerative. Rq- Require. Rmx- Remarks. Rqd- Required. Rn- Reason. Rqg- Requiring. Rnc- Ronounce. Rqm- Requirement. Rncd- Renounced. Rqn- Requisition. Rncg- Ronouncing. Rqs- Requires. Rnd- Reasoned. Rr- Railroad. Rnf- Reinforce. Rrg- Railroading. Rnfm- Reinforcement. Rsd- Reside. Rng- Reasoning. Rsdc- Residence. Rnl- Reasonable. Rsdd- Resided. Rnu- Renew. Rsdg- Residing. Rny- Reasonably. Rsdt- Resident. Ro- Rose. Rsg- Resign. Rog- Re-organize. Rsgd- Resigned. Rogd- Re-organized. Rsgg- Resigning. Rogg- Re-organizing. Rsgn- Resignation. Rogn- Re-organization. Rsi- Resist. Rot- Report of the. Rsic- Resistance. Rp- Report. Rsid- Resisted. Rpb- Rosponsible. Rsig- Resisting. Rpby- Responsibility. Rsis- Resists. Rpc- Republic. Rsl- Resolve. Rpd- Reported. Rsld- Resolved. Rpg- Reporting. Rslg- Resolving. Rph- Reproach. Rsn- Resolution. Rphd- Reproached. Rsp- Respect. Rphg- Reproaching. Rspd- Respected. Rpl- Repeal. Rspg- Respecting. Rpld- Repealed. Rspv- Respective. Rplg- Repealing. Rspy- Respectively. Rpls- Repeals. Rsq- Rescue. Rpm- Re-appointment. Rqqd- Rescued. Rpn- Republican. Rsqg- Rescuing. Rpr- Reporter. Rsu- Resume. Rsud- Resumed. [ This page is very interesting since the columns do not match -- however the non-matching columns so bothered the publishers of the Bi-Centennial Edition, that they gradually slid the second column, vis-a-vis the first column, so that the reader would not notice the "error"; that is, the second column is slightly more condensed than the first column, so that to the casual reader, the columns both start togetther, *and* finish together. The computer, of course, is not to be fooled; however, the human copier is faced with the question: "what is going wrong with my eyes ?? " ] 55 --------------------------------------------- Rsug- Resuming. Rzs- Results. Rsum- Resumption. Rzt- Resultant. Rsv- Reserve. Sa- Senate. Rsvd- Reserved. Sab- Senate bill. Rsvg- Reserving. Sac- Senate committee. Rsvn- Reservation. Saf- Spocke as follows. Rt- Are the. Saik- Shot and instantly Rtd- Returned. killed. Rtg- Returning. Sak- Shot and killed. Rtn- Return. Sal- Salary. Ru- Are you. Sap- Soon as possible. Ruf- Rough. Sar- Senator. Rup- Rupture. Sb- Subsequent. Rupd- Ruptured. Sbc- Subsequence. Rupg- Rupturing. Sbl- Substantial. Rus- Russia. Sbly- Substantially. Rv- Remove. Sbm- Submit. Rvd- Removed. Sbd- Submitted. Rvg- Removing. Shg- Submitting. Rvk- Revoke. Sbn- Submission. Rvkd- Revoked. Sby- Subsequently. Rvkg- Revoking. Sc- Souch Carolina. Rvkn- Revocation. Sca- Scare. Rvl- Removal. Scb- Subscribe. Rvn- Revolution. Scd- Subscribed. Rvo- Revolve. Scf- Sacrifice. Rvod- Revolved. Scfd- Sacrificed. Rvog- Revolving. Scfg- Sacrificing. Rvos- Revolves. Scg- Subscribing. Rvor- Revelver. Sch- Schooner. Rvr- River. Scl- School. Rvs- Remones. Scn- Subscription. Rvt- Revolt. Scotus- Uspreme court Rvu- Review. of the United Rvy- Revolutionary. States. Rwd- Reward. Sct- Supreme court. Rwdd- Rewarded. Scu- Seclude. Rwdg-s Rewarding. Scud- Secluded. Lwds- Rewards. Scug- Secluding. Rx- Recommend. Scun- Seclusion. Rxd- Recommended. Scy- Scarcely. Rxg- Recommending. Sd- Should. Rxn- Recommendation. Sdn- Sudden. Rxs- Recommends. Sdr- Surrender. Ry- Railway. Sdrd- Surrendered. Rz- Result. Sdrg- Surrendering. Rzd- Resulted. Sdu- Seduce. Rzg- Resulting. Sdud- Seduced. 56 --------------------------------------------- Sdug- Seducing. Sjn- Subjection. Sdun- Seduction. Sjo- Subject of. Sdus- Seduces. Sjt- Sergeant. Sdy- Sunday. Sk- Success. Se- From which. Skd- Succeed. Sec- Section. Skj- Schedule. Sed- Said. Skjd- Scheduled. Seg- Saying. Skjg- Scheduling. Sem- Seem. Ski- Successful. Sen- Seen. Skm- Scheme. Sep- September. Skr- Successor. Ses- Says. Skv- Successive. Sey- Secretary. Sky- Successfully. Sf- Satisfy. Sl- Sail. (Spell out Sfd- Satisfied. "sale.") Sfg- Satisfying. Sld- Sailed. Sfj- Suffrage. Slf- Self. Sfjt- Suffragette. Slg- Sailing. Sfly- Satisfactorily. Slh- Selfish. Sfn- Satisfaction. Slr- Sailor. Sfr- Nuffer. Slt- Slight. Sfy- Satisfactory. Sm- Some. Sg- Signify. Sma- Small. Sgc- Significance. Smb- Somebody. Sgd- Signified. Smc- Symathetic. Sgg- Signifying. Smg- Something. Sghr- Stenographer. Smh- Somehow. Sgn- Signification. Smk- Smoke Sgt- Significant. Smp- Sympathy. Skg- Stenography. Smr- Summer. Sh- Such. Smt- Sometime. Shf- Sheriff. Smw- Somewhat. Skk- Shake. Smx- Simultaneous. Shl- Shall. Smz- Sympathize. Shr- Share. Sn- Soon. Si- Semicolon (;). Snc- Since. Sig- Signature. Snd- Send. Sil- Silver. Snm- Sentiment. Sim- Similar. Sur- Sooner. Sip- Said in part. Soa- Secretary of Sis- Sister. Agriculture. Siu- Situate. Soc- Secretary of Siud- Situated. Commerce. Siug- Situating. Sor- Soldier. Siun- Situation. Sos- Secretary of Sj- Subject. State. Sjd- Subjected. Sot- Secretary of the. Sjg- Subjecting. Sou- South. 57 --------------------------------------------- Soun- Southern. Srm- Surmise. Sov- Soverign. Srs Secures. Sovy- Soverignty. Srx- Serious. Sow- Secrotary of War. Srxy- Seriously. Soy- Society. Sry- Securely. Sp- Ship. Ss- Steamship. Spa- Spacious. Ssn- Session. Spb- Shipborad. St- Street. Spd- Shipped. Sta- State. Spfc- Specific. Stay- Statistics. Spfd- Specified. Stc- Sentence. Spfg- Specifying. Stcd- Sentenced. Spfn- Specification. Stcg- Sentencing. Spfy- Specify. Std- Standard. Spg- Shipping. Stdz- Standardize. Sph- Speech. Stg- Strong. Spk- Spoke. Stgr- Stronger. Spkg- Speculating. Stgy- Strongly. Skkn- Spoken. Stj- Strange. Spkr- Speculator. ---* Stjr- Stranger. Spku- Speculate. Stjy- Strangely. Spkun- Speculation. Stk- Strike. Spkv- Speculative. Stkr- Striker. Spl- Special. Stn- Station. Spm- Shipment. Sto- Store. Spn- Suspicion. Stod- Stored. Spo- Suppose. Stog- Storing. Spod- Supposed. Str- Steamer. Spog- Suppposing. Sts- Streets. Spon- Supposition. Sty- Steady. Spq- Speak. Su- Sure. Spqg- Speaking. Sub- Substitute. Spqr- Speaker. Subd- Substituted. Spr- Shipper. Subg- Substituting. Spt- Support. (Spell Subn- Substitition. out "sport.") Sud- Surround. Sptr- Supporter. Sudd- Surrounded. Spx- Suspicious. Sudg- Surrounding. Spz- Surprise. Suf- Sufficient. Sq- Separate. Sufy- Sufficiently. Sqd- Separated. Sug- Suggest. Sqg- Separating. Sugd- Suggested. Sqn- Separation. Sugg- Suggesting. Sqr- Square. Sugn- Suggestion. Sqa- Separates. Suk- Suspect. Sr- Secure. Sukd- Suspected. Srd- Secured. Sui- Suicede. Srg- Securing. Supm- Supreme. 58 --------------------------------------------- Supr- Superior. Tch- Touch. Supt- Superintendent. Tcl- Technical. Sux- Sucurities. Tct- Transact. Suy- Saturday. Tcd- Transacted. Sv- Seven. Tcg- Transacting. Svc- Service. Tcn- Transaction. Svd- Served. Tcy- Technically. Sve- Serve. Td- Treasury Depart- Svg- Serving. ment. Svh- Seventh. Tdb- The debate. Svl- Several. Tde- Trade. Svr- Severe. Tdg- Trading. Svt- Servant. Tdl- Traditional. Svy- Severely. Tdn- Tradition. Sw- Swear. Tdy- To-day. Swg- Swearing. Ter- Terror. Swn- Sworn. Tes- Testimony. Swo- Swore. Tex- Texas. Sws- Swears. Tey- Territory. Sx- Dollar mark ($). Tez- Terrorize. Sxh- Sixth. Tezd- Terrorized. Sxl- Sexual. Tezg- Terrorizing. Sxm- Settlement. Tf- The following. Sxn- Sensation. Tfc- Terrific. Sxnl- Sensational. Tfd- Testified. Syc- Systemitic. Tff- Tariff. Syl- Systematical. Tfg- Testyfying. Sym- Symptom. Tfk- Traffic. Syn- Syndicate. Tfm- Transform. Sys- System. Tfmd- Transformed. Syz- Systematize. Tfmg- Transforming. Sz- Seize. Tfn- Transformation. Szd- Seized. Tfr- Transfer. Szg- Seizing. Tfrd- Transferred. Szn- Season. Tfrg- Transferring. Szr- Seizure. Tfy- Testify. Szs- Seizes. Tg- Thing. T- The. Tgh- Telegraph. Tam- The amendment. Tgm- Telegram. Tan- Than. Tgr- Together. Tau- To authorize. Tgy- Telegraphy. Tb- The bill. Th- Those. Tbc- Tobacco. Thd- Thursday. Tbd- The board. Thea- Theatre. Tbh- To be held. Thf- Thief. Tbl- Trouble. Thk- Thank. Tbx- Tuberculosis. Thm- Thermometer. Tbz- The business. Tho- Though. 59 --------------------------------------------- Thq- Thick. Trl- Trial. Thr- Their. Trm- Terminate. Thru- Through. Trmd- Terminated. Tht- Thought. Trmg- Terminating. Thu- The house. Trml- Terminal. Ti- Time. Trmn- Termination. Tj- The jury. Trn- Train. Tjg- The judge. Trp- Troop. Tk- Take. Trps- Troops. ---* Tkg- Taking. Trw- Therewith. Tkh- Turkish. Ts- This. Tkn- Taken. Tsa- The senate. Tkr- Taker. Tsb- This bill. Tkt- Ticket. Tse- These. Tky- Turkey. Tsf- This forenoon. ---* Tm- Them. Tsm- This morning. Tmp- Temperature. Tsp- This afternoon. Tmd- Transmitted. Tsq- This question. Tmg- Transmitting. Tsr- Treasurer. Tmn- Transmission. Tsv- This evening. Tmt- Transmit. Tsy- Treasury. Tmx- Tremendous. Tt- That. Tn- Then. Tti- That is (7). Tnc- Thence. Ttt- That the (5). Tnd- Thousand. Tuf- Tough. Tni- To-night. Tuy- Tuesday. Tnk- Think. Tw- To-morrow. Tnm- Tournament. Twd- Toward. Tnv- Tentative. Twf- Tomorrow fore- Tnvy- Tentatively. noon. Tny- Tendency. Twh- To which. Tol- Tolerate. Twm- Tomorrow Tp- Transport. marning. Tpd- Transported. Twp- Tomorrow Tpg- Transporting. afternoon. Tph- Telephone. Twv- To-morrow Tpn- Transportation. evening. Tpo- The passage of. Twy- Twenty. Tpy- Temporary. Tx- This is. Tq- The question. Txb- This is believed. Tql-s Tranquil. Txi- Taxicab. Tqo- The question of. Txm- This is more. Tqy- Tranquilly. Txn- This is not. Tr- There. Txs- This is said. Trd- Third. Txt- This is the. Tre- Three. Ty- They. Trf- Therefore. Tz- These. Trk- Track. U- You. 60 --------------------------------------------- Uac- Unaccepted. Unx- Unexpected. Uau- Unauthorized. Uny- Unexpectedly. Uav- Unavoidable. Uoc- Unchanged on Ubd- Undoubted. call. Ubq- Ubiquitous. Upn- Upon. Uby- Undoubtedly. Upt- Unimportant. Uc- You see. Upw- Upward. Ucm- Uncommon. Uq- Upon the. Ucn- Uncertain. Uqq- Upon the ques- Ucx- Unconscious. tion. Ucxn- Unconsciousness. Ur- Your. Ucy- Unnecessary. Us- United States. Udf- Unidentified. Usa- United States of Uf- Unfortunate. America. Ufb- Unfavorable. Usf- Useful. Ufby- Unfovorably. Usg- United States Ufd- Unfounded. Government. Ufm- Uniform. Usk- Unsuccessful. Ufp- Under falso pre- Utaf- Under the aus- tenses. pices of the. Ufy- Unfortunately. Utc- Under the cir- Ugd- Unchanged. cumstances. Ugt- Urgent. Utd- Uttered. Ugud- Unguarded. Utr- Utter. Uguy- Ungardedly. Uty- Utterly. Ugy- Urgently. Utz- Utilize. Uk- Understand. Uv- Universe. Ukd- Understood. Uvl- Universal. Ukg- Understanding. Uvy- University. Ukn- Unkoown. Ux- Underline, i.e., Uky- Understandingly. italics. Ul- Usual. Uxc- Under these cir- Ulm- Ultimate. cumstances. Ult- Ultimo. Uxl- Unconstitutional. Uly- Usually. Uxty- Unconstitution- Um- Unanimous. ality. Umf- Unmanufactured. Uxy- Unconstitution- Ump- Umpire. ally. Umy- Unanimously. V- Of which. Un- Until. Va- Virginia. Und- Under. Vac- Vacate. Ung- Young. Vad- Vacated. Uni- United. Vag- Vague. Unj- Unjust. Vak- Vacant. Unl- Unless. Val- Value. Uns- Unsettled. Var- Various. Unu- Unusual. Vax- Vaccinate. Unuy- Unusually. Vay- Variety. 61 --------------------------------------------- Vb- Valuable. Vsd- Visited. Vby- Valuably. Vsg- Visiting. Vcd- Vindicated. Vsn- Vision. Vcg- Vindicating. Vsr- Visitor. Vcn- Vindication. Vst- Visit. Vct- Vindicate. Vt- Vermont. Vcv- Vindictiive. Vtu- Vituperate. Vcy- Vicinity. Vtun- Vituperation. Vdt- Verdict. Vtuv- Vituperative. Vet- Veteran. Vu- View. Vf- Verify. Vud- Viewed. Vfn- Verification. Vug- Viewing. Vgc- Vengeance.[sic] Vul- Vulgar. Vgx- Vigorous. Vus- Views. Vk- Victor. Vx- Violate. Vka- Victoria. Vxd- Violated. Vkm- Victim. Vxg- Vialating. Vkn- Vacation. Vxn- Violation. Vkx- Victorious. Vy- Very. Vky- Victory. Vyj- Voyage. Vkz- Victimize. Vz- Venezuela. Vlj- Village. Vzn- Venezuelan. Vlr- Volunteer. W- With. Vly- Voluntarily. Wa- With a. Vm- Vehement. Wac- With a capital. Vmc- Vehemence. Wad- War Depart- Vmy- Vehemently. ment. Vnc- Violence. Wam- Ways and means. Vnq- Vanish. Wat- Water. Vnqd- Vanished. Wav- With a view. Vnqg- Vanishing. Wb- Will be. Vnt- Violent. Wbh- Will be held. Wny- Violently. Wc- Welcome. Vo- Vote. Wcd- Welcomed. Voc- Vocation. Wcg- Welcoming. Vod- Voted. Wd- Would. Vog- Voting. Wda- Wednesday. Vol- Volume. Wdf- Wonderful. Vos- Votes. Wdg- Wedding. Wox- Voluminous. Wdw- Withdaw. Vp- Vice-president. Wea- Weather. Vpot- Vice-president of Wek- Weak. the. Wg- Wrong. Vr- Virtue. Wgd- Wronged. Wtl- Wirtual. Wgf- Wrongful. Vru- Virtuous. Wgg- Wronging. Vry- Virtually. Wgh- Weigh. Vsb- Visible. Wgn- Wagon. 62 --------------------------------------------- Wgt- Weight. Wri- Write. Wgy- Wrongly. Wrn- Written. Wh- Whiche. Wro- Wrote. Whi- While. Wrk- Work. Whl- Whole. Wrt- With regard to. Wht- Wheat. Wrx- Works. Whu- White House. Ws- Was. Wi- Will. Wsk- Whiskey. Wig- Willing. Wsn- Western. Wik- Wicked. Wsp- Warship. Win- Within. Wsy- Westerly. Wis- Wisconsin. Wt- What. Wit- Witness. Wtr- Whether. Witd- Witnessed. Wtv- Whatever. Witg- Witnessing. Wv- Vaive. Wix- Wireless. Wvd- Waived. Wj- Wound. Wyg- Waiving. Wk- Week. Ww- With which. Wkm- Workman. Wx- Wait. Wkn- Workmen. Wxd- Waited. Wky- Weekly. Wxg- Waiting. Wl- Well. Wxr- Waiter. Wld- World. Wy- Why. Wlf- Welfare. X- In which. Wlh- Wealth. Xac- Exact. Wly- Wealthy. Xag- Exaggerate. Wn- When. Xas- Exacts. Wnb- Will not be. Xay- Exactly. Wnc- Whence. Xb- Exorbitant. Wng- Winning. Xby- Exorbitantly. Wnr- Winner. Xc- Excite. Wnv- Whenever. Xcd- Excited. Wo- Who. Xcg- Exciting. Wom- Whom. Xcm- Excitement. Wos- Whose. Xcp- Except. Wot- Without. Xcpn- Exception. Wp- Weep. Xd- Exceed. Wpg- Weeping. Xdd- Exceeded. Wpn- Weapon. Xdg- Exceeding. Wq- Warrant. Xdn- Extradition. Wqd- Warranted. Xdt- Extradite. Wqg- Warranting. Xdtd- Extradited. Wqs- Warrants. Xdtg- Extraditing. Wqy- Warranty. Xdy- Exceedingly. Wr- Were. Xg- Legislate. Wrd- Word. Xgd- Legislated. Wrg- Writing. Xgg- Legislating. Wrh- Worth. Xgh- Extinguish. 63 --------------------------------------------- Xghd- Extinguished. Xplg- Exploding. Xghg- Extinguishing. Xpln- Explosion. Xgn- Legislation. Xpm- Experiment. Xgor- Legislator. Xpn- Expedition. Xgr- Legislature. Xpo- Expose. Xgv- Legislative. Xpod- Exposed. Xh- Exhaust. Xpog- Exposing. Xhd- Exhausted. Xpon- Exposition. Xhg- Exhausting. Xpr- Expenditure. Xhn- Exhaustion. Xps- Expense. Xhv- Exhaustive. Xpt- Export. Xj- Explain. Xpv- Expensive. Xjd- Explained. Xr- Exercise. Xjg- Explaining. Xrd- Exercised. Xjn- Explanation. Xrg- Exercising. Xjy- Explanatory. Xrl- External. Xk- Execute. Xrn- Exertion. Xkd- Executed. Xrs- Exercises. Xkn- Execution. Xrt- Exert. Xkr- Executor. Xs- Exist. Xkv- Executive Xsc- Existence. Xl- Excel. Xsd- Existed. Xlc- Excellence. Xsg- Existing. Xlg- Excelled. Iss- Exists. Xlg- Excelling. Xt- Extent. Xlt- Excellent. Xtd- Extend. Xly- Excellently. Xtg- Extending. Xm- Extreme. Xtn- Extension. Xmt- Exempt. Xtv- Extensive. Xmtn- Exemption. Xty- Extensively. Xmy- Extremely. Xn- Exclude. Xn- Constitution. xun- Exclusion. Xnl- Constitutional. Xuv- Exclusive. Xnlst- Constititionalist. Xxd- Cross examined. Xnty- Constitutionality. Xxg- Cross examining. Xny- Constitutionally. Xxm- Cross examine. Xo- Exoonerate. Xxn- Cross examina- Xod- Exonerated. tion. Xog- Exonerating. Y- Year. Xon- Exoneration. Ya- Yesterday. Yoy- Extraordinary. Yaf- Yesterday fore- Xp- Expense. noon. Xpc- Experience. Yam- Yesterday morn- Xpd- Expend. ing. Xpg- Expending. Yap- Yesterday after- Xpi- Expedite noon. Xpl- Explode. Yav- Yesterday even- Xpld- Exploded. ing. 64 --------------------------------------------- Yd- Yield. 5- That the. Ydd- Yielded. 7- That is. Ydg- Yielding. 4- Where. Yf- Yellow fever. Yl- Yellow. BASEBALL Yo- Years old. SUPPLEMENT Yoa- Years of age. Bas- By a score of. Yoha- Year of his Bob- Base(s) on balls. (or her) age. Bts- By the score of. Z- From which. Ing- Inning. Za- Sea. Ings- Innings. Zc- Section. Ivc- Invincible. Zcl- Sectional. Lob- Left on bases. Zd- Said. Nbf- Now batting for. Zlx- Zealous. Ncf- Now catchinng for. Zm- Seem. Npf- Now pitching for. Zn- Seen. Sko- Score. Snr- Senior. Ump- Umpire. &- And. Umps- Umpires. OPTION MONTHS F- January K- May U- September G- February M- June V- October H- March N- July X- November J- April Q- August Z- December A D D I T I O N S T O P H I L L I P S C O D E Acf- Aircraft Kaq- King and Queen Arj- Around Kmst- Communist Asfd- Asphyxiated Kmsm- Communism Bcy- Bankruptcy Ksr- Kaiser Bdc- Broadcast Mutn- Munition Bul- Bulgaria Nxk- Next week Cats- Coused a tre- Nql- Neutral mendous explosion Ngly- Neutrality Chf- Caused by fire Ooo- Oath of office Dap- Disappear Prc- Pres. Coolidge Dapc- Disappearance Prh- Pres. Hoover Dapd- Disappeared Prr- Pres. Roosevelt Dapg- Disappearing Rdo- Radio Ddk- Dedicate Spktr- Spectator Ddkd- Dedicated Spktrs- Spectators Dddkn- Dedication Trs- There's Dhg- Discharge Trx- There is Dhgg- Dicharging Tsl- Translate Fht- Fight Tsld- Translated Fhtr- Fighter Tslg- Translating Fhtg- Fighting Trpdo- Torpedo Hun- Houston Spn- Zepplin [page] W I R E S I G N A L S WIRE- Preference 25- Busy on anr wire over everything 26- Put on gnd wire except 95 27- Priority, very 1- Wait a moment important 2- Important business 28- Do you get my 3- What time is it? writing? 4- Where shall I go 29- Private, deliver in ahead? sealed envelope. 5- Have you business 30- No more -end for me? 31- Form 31 train 6- I am ready order 7- Are you ready? 32- I understand that 8- Close your key; I am to ......... ckt is busy 33- Car report (Also, 9- Close your key for answer is paid for) priority business 34- Msg for all officers (wire chief, dspr, 35- You may use my etc.) signal to ans this 10- Keep this ckt 37- Diversion closed (Also, inform all 12- Do you under- interested) stand? 39- Important, with 13- I understand priority on thru 14- What is the wire. (Also, sleep- weather? car report) 15- For you and 44- Answer promptly and other to copy by wire 17- Lightning here 73- Best regards 18- What is the 88- Love and kisses trouble? 91- Supt's signal 19- Form 19 train 92- Deliver promptly order 93- Vice pres. & gen. 21- Stop for meal mgr's signals 22- Wire test 95- President's signal 23- All copy 134- Who is at the 24- Repeat this back key? [page] SERVICE AND TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT MESSAGES Address Ads Herewith Hw Addressee Left Hurry Answer Ha City Lc Make Mk Answer Ans Message Msg Concel & File No Record Nr Our (Yours) Caf No Such Address Nsa Charges Chgs No Such Street Nss Check Ck Not at Home Nh Collect Coll Not at Home- Confirmation Cfn Left Notic Nhln Copy Cy No Telegraph Deliver Dlr Office Advise Delivered Dld Disposition Notoad Destination Dstn Office Ofs Disregard Former Original Ognl Services Dfs Our Msg Date Our Duplicate Dup Reads Rds Filing Time Flt Release Rel >From Fm Reply Paid Rp Get Better See Our Service Sos Address Gba See Your Service Sys Get Quick Service Svc Answer Gqa Signature Sg Give Some Signed Sgd Address Gsa Word Wd Guaranteed Gad Your Message Hangs Till Morn- Date Ymd ings Your Hta [page] MARKET SUPPLEMENT Abnqh- Active, but Clog- Closing not notably Cda- Canada higher Cfr- Closed Firm Acah- Active and Chn- Channel higher Cng- Change Acv- Active Cnr- Consolidated Advc- Advance net receipts Afh- Active, firm Comn- Common & higher Cr- Clear rib Aga- Against Crs- Clear rib sides Advt- Advancing Cs- Clear sides tendency Cde- Crude Aobfwos- Absence of Crub- Crude in business for want barrels of stock Cqas- Closed quiet Aqad- All qualities & steady slightly declined Cn- Corn Asdph- A speculative Cat- Cattle demand; prices Chs- Cheese higher Cm- Cut meats Ash- Active and a Cnm- Corn meal shade higher Cof- Coffee Axd- Asked Cot- Cotton Bxs- Boxes Dy- Daily Bhrs- Butchers Dlbl- Deliverable Bwn- Brandywine Dul- Dull Byt- Buoyant Dm- Demand Bsqh- Business small; Dro- Drovers Joernal quotations higher reports Bsql- Business samll; Dub- Bouble quotations lower Dwal- Dull, weak & Bzs- Business small lower Bnqh- But not quot- Dmf- Demand fair ably higher DaD- Dull & Bnql- But not quot- declining ably lower Dau- Dull & Ba- Barley unchanged Bfh- Beef hams Dapa- Demand active; Bcn- Bacon prices advancing Bm- Bulk meats Dgfp- Demand good Bag- Bagging at full prices Csh- Cash Dgfa- Demand fair, Ch- Choice (if date, prices advanced Chicago) Dlhf- Demand light; Clr- Clear holders firm [page] Damu- Demand dull Gd- Good & mkt unsettled Gdm- Good demand Dhats- Dull; holders Gdun- Good demand, anxious to sell but unsettled Dsth- Dressed hogs Gdsh- Good demand Exa- Extract & a shade higher X & C- Export & Gt- Great consumption Ha- hay Eaw- Eastern & Haw- Heavy & weak western Hdl- Home demond Esy- Easy limited Ear- Easler Herdam- Heavy re- Egs- Eggs ceipts depress mkt Ero- Early rose Hgs- Hogs Exg- Exchange Humc- Holders un- Fr- Fair willing to make Frts- Freights concessions Fac- Fairly active Ina- Inactive= Faf- Fairly active Inal- Inactive & lower & firm Idm- Improved Fas- Fairly active & demand steady Igd- In good demand Fashr- Fairly active Ifd- In fair demand & shade higher Ir- Irregular Fam- Family Im- India mess Fd- Fair demand Ld- Light demand Fdf- Fair demand; Lms- Little more firmer steady Fmr- Firmer Lma- Little more Frl- Freights to active Liverpool Lr- Lower Ftd- Fair trade Lb- Lower, but demand Lac- Less active Flw- Fluctuations Lga- Lower grades wide advanced Fah- Firmer & higher Lrd- Lard Fpabnd- Full prices Lc- Long clear asked, but no Lhg- Live hogs demand Lhr- Leather Fiq- Feeling is Ls- Long & short quieter Lm- Low middling Fadbalr- Fair demand Lmc- Low middling but at lower prices close Flr- Flour Minn- Minnesota Gdfp- Good demand Mdls- Middles at full prices Mdg- Middling Gs- Generally steady Mo- Middling New Gb- Great Britian Orleans [page] Modm- Moderate Ps- Prime steam demand Ptc- Prime to choice Mdt- Moderate Pun- Prices unchanged Mq- Market Quiet Pvns- Provisions Mol- Molasses Qaf- Quiet & firm Maas- More active Qas- Quiet & steady and a shade ....... Qaw- Quiet & weak Mosa- Moderate sales Qbm- Quotations bare- Mwdc- Mkt without ly maintained decided change Qod- Quoted Msbu- Mkt buoyant, Qns- Quotations but unsettled Qoy- Quotably Mswamd- Mkt steady Qu- Quiet with moderate Qun- Quiet & demand unchanged Mafab- Mkt favors Rb- Railroad bonds buyers Rct- Receipts Mopfac- Mkt opened Rf- Refined firmer, but fell Rjd- Rejected at close Ro- Rose Mosby- More sellers Rosn- Rosin than buyers S- Sales Mb- Market bare Sca- Scarce Mdy- Moderately Scy- Scarcely Mdyac- Moderately Sg- Spring active Spt- Spot Nom- Nominal Stdy- Steady Num- Nominally Sug- Sugar unchanged Spms- Shipments Ned- No export Sb- State bonds demand Saf- Scarce & firm Opd- Opened Saw- State & Western -- Offered Sbf- Slightly in Ofbcd- Opened firm, buyer's favor but closing dull Sbpun- Small business Oljod- Only limited prices unchanged jobbing demand Sgd- Steady, good Odca- Opened dull, demand but closed active Shah- Shade higher Ofav- Opened firm, Sho- Shoulders advanced Smb- Small business Ory- Ordinary Sog- Stock of grain Pb- Peachblows on hand Pet- Petroleum Sq- Steady & quiet Pir- Prices irregular Stg- Strong Pkd- Packed Strd- Steam rendered Pno- Prices normal Sum- Sales unim- Pots- Potatoes portant [page] Tal- Tallow Upwty- Upward Tb- Tierce Beef tendency Tdw- Tending Unxvl- Unexpected downward arrival Tup- Tending upward Unudm- Unusual Tny- Tendency demand Tur- Turpentine Wht- Wheat Uns- Unsettled Wir- Winter Ugd- Unchanged Wsh- Whiskey Upt- Unimportant Wdc- Without de- Uad- Ungraded cided charge Unw- Unwashed Wic- Without import- Ugl- Unsettled, gen- ant change erally lower Wc- Without change Upic- United Pipe Xcd- Excited Line certificates Xpt- Export Unu- Unusual Xdm- Export demand Upw- Upward Yl- Yellow Unx- Unexpected Ylg- Yearlings THE PHILLIPS CODE BI-CENTENNIAL EDITION Sponsored byt the Toledo Morse Telegraph Club, this reprint of the Phillips Code (1925 edition), was produced and financed by Bro. Harwell E. West as a service to the fraternity of former press telegraph operators. Bro. West is editor and publisher of the Brass Pounders' Gossip, nationally known publica- tion of the Toled Morse Telegraph Club. Bros. E. Stuart Davis and George t. Secrist were very helpful in preparing this very com- plete edition of the Phillips and other teleg- raphic codes. Copies of this Bi-Centennial edition may by obtained from Harwell E. West Box 152, Orland Park, Il 60462 Price: $5.50 postpaid [Rubber Stamped in Red Ink:] National Telegraph Office 1149 Weber St., Union, NJ 07083 [rear cover: no printing on buff colored paper same as front cover. Book binding: Dark brown Plastic device with 11 holes. Approximate Size of book: 3" Wide by 6" High ] [------The Phillips Code Book transcription is completed-------] The Phillips Code K2AVJ's notes about Dr. E.Stuart Davis [Transcriber's note: I first met Dr. Davis (hereafter referred to as "Stu", which was his handle on 40 CW in the early fifties) around 1953. He was living in Newark, NJ at the time, still up "north" on some "temporary" assignment. He worked in the area of psychological counselling -- I never found out what he did in detail. It was a shock (for me, a teenager) to meet him. He had a badly hunched back, which I believe was the result of an accident that happened early in his life. I think he said it was a boating accident. He had owned a boat in Florida, and may have been a Florida native. He came over by subway ,although between Newark and Jersey City the "tubes" travelled above ground. My mother fixed a nice dinner and we all had a nice chat with Stu. I supposed we retired to "the shack" for a while to talk shop. I believe I had an SX-28A (hallicrafters) at the time, and Stu must have had a few things to say about that! But I do not recall anything specific. I have forgotten his call. It was not the call he originally had -- i think it was a K4.../2. Then he changed his call to a "2". After I got married, I still kept in touch with Stu, and by this time he was established in his "Telegraph Office" in Union, NJ. I visited him several times. Stu had a leased line from the phone company, and he and several cronies had it hooked up to keys and sounders. They used the American Morse, which I unsuccessfully tried to learn ( perhaps I got to 5 wpm?). Stu had quite a collection of early telegraph equipment, sorry I can't recall the details, but I am sure it was a collection of "gems". He had a collins receiver, and I believe a collins transmitter also. Naturally, he was CW only. Perhaps that's why we got along so well. Even if I was a young squirt, I wasn't too far off the beam, communication wise, in his opinion. He had a friend, Commander Quimby, whom he introduced me to, and we ( Stu, Cdr. Quimby, my friend Andy Dlinn, WA2FFY, and myself ) all had lunch at the Governor Morris, the most august Inn and Restaurant in the very august town of Morristown, NJ. I believe Qimby had a home in or near Morristown, and Stu prevailed upon him to give me a tour of the place. It was sheer fascination to listen as these two ... two .... what? Raconteurs ? ... as they discoursed during the luncheon.? Stu told me that Quimby was responsible for preserving the "Delta Queen" -- the last of the operating Mississippi river paddle wheelers. I was gratified to hear Quimby's name mentioned watching a recent TV show about the "Queen". Took me back to that luncheon, and Stu. Quimby's place was just MAGNIFICENT. Where does one get the *money*? He had salvaged an old theatre organ and had it installed in his foyer and main entrance. There were two "wings" off the entrance where Quimby had installed the pipes. And then in a room of to the left, he had installed all the drums, mechanical clarinets, violins, and other instruments that were all controlled by the organist, whom, I believe was Quimby's wife. She was not present to give us a demonstration, so Commander Quimby played the organ for us a little, but apologized for the fact that it was not completely hooked up. It sounded "hooked up" TO ME! Down in Commander Quimby's cellar was another surprise! A large scale model railroad. Similar in size to the old largest-gauge sets that Lionel used to make (much bigger than "O" gauge) -- but this set looked like it was all custom made. A very complicated and detailed set up, which just about filled the basement. I think Stu was proud to have Commander Quimby as a friend. One time Stu and I got on the subject of old movies, and Stu asked me "Did you ever see a 'smart' telegrapher in a hollywood movie?" I said I could not think of ever seeing one: the ones I saw were usually portrayed as kind of stupid. Stu said he felt this was a conspiracy by the hollywood crowd: that someone had been snubbed by a telegrapher, or something of the kind, and as a result, the hollywood telegraphers were invariably portrayed as Neanderthals. He told me that telegraphers were actually an elite group, and that the telegraphic art used to be taught only to sons, close relatives and some especially favored individuals. He also asked me why was it that everyone "smoked" in the movies? He felt that also was the result of some type of influence peddling that had infiltrated the hollywood industry. Stu loved to talk, yet there was one subject about which he would *not* talk -- even at such a late date (in the late '70's) -- it was of his experience during the second world war. Stu was FDR's personal telegrapher, and wherever FDR went, Stu also went. He told me "I could tell you things ..." -- but he never did, even though I more than once tried to get him to tell of himself and FDR. Perhaps he was sworn to secrecy, as I can see no other reason for him not do discuss the trips with FDR. I am sure some very sensitve messages had passed over his key. In recognition of his services during the war Stu was given an honorary Doctorate -- I don't recall if he even told me from where. He was a batchelor when I knew him; I don't know if he was ever married: he never said. He did complain about the costs of the leased line, and told me he didn't know how long it would be before he would have to give it up (for financial reasons). He got to be quite frail. He loved his cat, who, naturally, had the run of not only the house, but of the National Telegraph Office also. He suffered more and more from breathing problems. I lost touch with him, possibly not too long before he died. It was depressing to see him in such a physical condition, having to fight for breath. He loved to play the piano, and he loved Verdi and Wagner. He had no love for Puccini. I recall his most vocal and negative reaction when I mentioned Puccini's name to him. (But, nevertheless, I still love Puccini -- although I never admitted it to Stu.) I wish I knew to whom he bequeathed his museum, as I would like to visit it and recall how Stu explained the various pieces to me. I know he did *not* bequeath his museum to the Smithsonian, as Stu was quite upset about the items that institution kept in their store-rooms, hidden away from public view. I am sure he was upset about their treatment of their early telegraphy equipment. I think he said his collection would be going to some friend in Canada. Since I wrote the above paragraph it has come to my attention that Stu did *not* bequeath* his Telegraphy Collection to a Canadian friend, but it was sold to a private collector in Massachusettes, who does not show it to the public. He wanted to "loan" me a 2-meter rig, but for some reason I just couldn't accept it. He gave me two copies of the book: The Phillips Code. It is the only physical thing I have from him. I'm surprised I still have it: I once went through my "collection" like the grim reaper, but the Phillips Code book survived (along with Courant's "Differential and Integral Calculus"). Some things I guess we can't bear to part with. If anyone can add anything to these fragmentary snapshots of Dr. E.Stuart Davis, I would be most happy to hear of it and incorporate it in these recollections of Stu. ] [ Thank you for your interest. Best Regards, Joe Hartmann Tel: (603) 863 6073 K2AVJ -issued email: joeh@sugar-river.net 1951 home-page: http://www.sugar-river.net/~joeh -------------------------------------------------------- First Student at the: Linux University in the Sunshine Town of Newport, NH Thanks to RMS, Linus, and other contributors of free software --------------I grant this to the public domain--------- ]