Progress Report

T. E. Bearden

Updated Jan. 29, 1992


Phase I Operation Completed

In 1991 we ended Phase I, and began the opening round of Phase II of our
decades-long operation.  Phase I was to alert the free nations to the dangers
of Soviet scalar EM weapons, and the necessity of countering them.  That
phase has been successfully completed.  There are now three other nations -
not hostile to the U.S. - that have developed and deployed scalar EM weaponry.
The Soviets/KGB are soundly checked by these three nations, with regards to
scalar EM weaponry.


Phase II Operation Begun

The goal of the phase II operation is to get cheap, clean energy from the
vacuum, obtain antigravity, and develop scalar EM healing of notorious
diseases such as cancer, leukemia, AIDS, etc.  In this phase we are now
publishing papers in the orthodox literature that carry the message.  Our
target is the bright young graduate students and postdoctoral candidates who
are becoming increasingly curious in this area.  We will try to get as many
of these interested as possible.  The idea is to have about 100 "seed cells",
in major universities, so that these young tigers do the necessary
phenomenology experiments and produce the necessary theory extensions.  If we
can reach that number of seed cells, then those young Turks will turn over
the present physics.  That Phase II operation has begun.


Two Fundamental Papers Published

For example, in mid-1991 we gave (in absentia) two fundamental papers to a
very large symposium (IECEC '91) in the Boston area.  The symposium was
sponsored by IEEE, AIAA, and many of the other leading technical societies of
the U.S.  The two papers are published in the Proceedings by the American
Nuclear Society.[1,2]

One of these papers [1] tells what is wrong with quantum mechanics,
electromagnetics, and general relativity - that is, what actually prevents
their unification.  It also tells what has to be done to unify them.  I
emphasize that the thesis in this paper is testable on the laboratory bench;
it isn't just conjecture.

The second paper [2] is rather unique, to say the least.  In it I openly
released the basic universal mechanism that is capable of directly tapping
the potential energy of the vacuum, electromagnetically.  That's a secret
eventually worth billions of dollars; I freely gave it to everyone.  I
discovered the theoretical mechanism, so it was mine to give.  The paper
reported on Floyd Sweet's (my colleague for several years) vacuum triode
which successfully taps the vacuum's virtual photon flux energy to produce
500 watts of time-reversed electrical power, with only 330 microwatts of
normal power input.  That device has been in existence since 1987 or
earlier.


The Fundamental Mechanism Is Proven

There are several hundred papers in the nonlinear optics literature that prove
that the fundamental pumped phase conjugate mirror (PPCM) mechanism works, in
the macroscopic world.  I seem to have been (in 1986/87) the first person to
openly treat the nucleus of the atom as a PPCM.  In a proprietary 1986 draft
and later 1987 paper given to Sweet, I produced the basic theory of how
Sweet's vacuum triode device (which then was producing 6 watts output) was
tapping the vacuum energy.  To do so, I treated the Whittaker bidirectional
EM wave components of a scalar EM potential __ introduced onto the nucleus -
as a set of wave/antiwave pairs or pump waves.  This application simply uses
the internal scalar potential's internal structuring as clearly established
by Whittaker in 1903.[3]  With the internal Whittaker wave/antiwave structure,
one can establish a self-oscillation (self-pumping) on the barium nucleus, in
and of the virtual photon flux (VPF) exchange between the nucleus and its
immediately surrounding vacuum.[4]  When that is successfully done, the
material containing the barium (in Sweet's case, barium ferrite magnets) is
activated.  That is, VPF exchange energy is rhythmically flowing in to the
barium nucleus and back out again in a 60 Hz wave __ as a wave of pure VPF
stress potential;  a pure scalar EM wave, which is composed of (and can be
decomposed into) phase-locked AM oscillations of the set of Whittaker biwaves
composing the potential.  With this Whittaker decomposition, the self-
oscillating barium nucleus is then a self-pumped phase conjugate mirror.
Note that this "nucleus as a pumped phase conjugate mirror" approach is a
universal scheme for tapping the trapped energy in a massless scalar EM
potential in the vacuum, without depleting the potential.  The potential in
the vacuum is a function of vacuum VPF activity; the potential is continually
replenished by the vacuum itself.  The EM energy trapped inside the potential
can be tapped forever, if the potential is not bled off by translating
electrons (or other charged particles).

Then all that remains to be done to tap this vacuum-furnished "pumping"
energy, is to utilize standard 4-wave mixing theory from nonlinear optics,
and introduce a small signal wave input.  By standard textbook theory, up to
all the energy in the pump waves will then be emitted by the nucleus as a
phase conjugate replica (PCR) (time-reversed replica) of the signal wave
input.  In other words, an amplified EM energy wave - in this case, 60 Hz -
will come from the self-pumped nuclei and will backtrack the path taken by
the signal wave, in accordance with the so-called distortion correction
theorem of orthodox nonlinear optics.[5]  In this fashion, the energy in a
potential established in vacuum can be directly tapped, taken from the VPF
exchange with the nucleus, and gated out of the atom and into the external
circuit, to power an external load.


The Secret of Overunity EM Devices

THIS "NUCLEUS AS A PUMPED PHASE CONJUGATE MIRROR" MECHANISM IS THE
FUNDAMENTAL SECRET OF ALL LEGITIMATE OVER-UNITY DEVICES THAT TAP VACUUM
ENERGY.  The tapping device is not a closed system, but is open to the flow
of energy from the vacuum to the nuclei and back.  All systems everywhere are
open to this in-and-out VPF flux exchange anyway.  Normally, however, the two
VPF flows - in and out - are equal and opposite, and so the energy exchange
between vacuum and nucleus is in equilibrium.  In that case, none of the VPF
exchange energy is gated out to the external circuit.  In the "activated"
case, however, the two VPF flows (between  the nucleus and the vacuum) are
not equal, because part of the flow energy that accumulates in the in-surge
into the nucleus is gated out of the atom and into the external circuit.
Hence the vacuum/nucleus flux exchange system is not locally in equilibrium,
because part of the in-flow is being gated by 4-wave mixing accomplished in
the PPCM barium nuclei, into forming an organized PCR wave, which in turn
goes on out of the atom instead of back to the vacuum.  Any local vacuum
energy extracted is just instantly replaced by the surrounding vacuum - just
as a raging ocean instantly refills the hole left in dipping out a spoonful
of water.

So in the self-oscillating PPCM nucleus, part of the vacuum influx energy is
gated into an organized phase conjugate replica (PCR) wave, instead of simply
being flux-exchanged back to the local vacuum.  This amplified PCR wave
backtracks the path previously taken by the input 60 Hz signal wave, and thus
proceeds out of the vacuum-pumped nuclei, through the atom's electron shells,
into and through the material lattice, and arrives in the outer circuit,
which is connected to the external electrical load.  The device thus powers
the external load directly off the energy organized and gated from the local
vacua surrounding the excited, activated, self-pumped barium nuclei.


Floyd Sweet's Vacuum Triode

In his second vacuum triode, Sweet obtained 500 watts of negative electrical
power out (at 60 Hz and 120 volts), with an input (signal wave, in nonlinear
optical PPCM terminology) of only 330 microwatts (10 volts, 33 x 10-6 amps)
from a small 60 Hz oscillator.  That's about a  1,500,000 power gain.  Not
too bad at all.  Sweet later "close-looped" the device, tapping off a wee bit
of the output, and using it as the rigidly clamped positive-feedback input.
So his later devices put out 500 watts, directly from the vacuum, without any
external input at all.  Sweet has also built devices having 1,000 watt output
and 5,000 watt output.  The devices also are solid state, with no moving
parts.  A nominal Sweet device outputs 1,000 watts of time-reversed (PCR) EM
power at 60 Hz and 120 volts.  It weighs 6 pounds, and can be rigged to
simultaneously produce antigravity, while it is producing its negative power.

However, there are still some serious problems with stability, etc.  Also,
there are serious legal problems, and in fact the entire thing has been in
litigation.  It may be that nothing will ever be possible with this device,
because of the horrendous legal entanglements.  But the device is real, it
works (albeit it is just a laboratory demonstration device, and not at all a
production-ready model).  It proves the principles, and the report is now in
the standard literature.


World's First Antigravity Success

Also, to prove the scalar EM interpretation of gravity and antigravity, at my
urgent request in 1987, Sweet specially rigged the device for antigravity
production.  In the cited paper we report on the highly successful result.
The 6-lb. weight of the object was reduced in periodic stages by 90%, on a
scale on the lab bench, in a totally controlled, smooth, slow, sustained
experiment without transients or sudden surges, jerks, etc.  At the same
time, the device was steadily producing negative electrical power.  In fact,
the method of producing antigravity in a "rigged" unit is simply to force it
to process more negative power through the nucleus.  Gravitational energy is
negative energy, and gravitational power is negative power, as is well known.
It follows that to first order, antigravity can be regarded as simply the
outputting or ejecting of negative energy from the atomic nucleus, through
the electron shells and into an external load, rather than return of the
negative VPF energy back to the vacuum from the nucleus.  The curve is
reproduced in the paper, and printed in the proceedings.  I had qualitatively
predicted the results, prior to the experiment.

What is not printed in the proceedings is that, with another more powerful
model, Sweet has actually fully levitated the entire 6-lb unit, and "flown"
it above the bench, via this approach to antigravity.

So the scalar EM theory works.  It's still tricky, and we're just at the
stage that normal EM went through with "cat fur, glass rods, and pith balls."
But slowly we're getting there.  Still, we desperately need to develop good
instrumentation for detecting (1) the absolute scalar potential, including
its magnitude, and (2) the exact Whittaker bidirectional EM wave harmonic
structure of the scalar potential.  We know how to approach that problem,
but it will be quite expensive, and funding to do that has simply never been
available.


"Energy" Is Presently Incorrectly Defined

To illustrate just how poorly some of the foundations of normal science
(including physics) are known, let me point out that the present definition
of energy is totally wrong.  Now there's a real attention grabber of a
statement!  Can I prove it? Let's see.

The present "definition" of energy in science is usually stated something
like this.  "Energy is the capacity to do work."  Well, that statement
happens to be totally, hopelessly false.  It isn't even correct logic.
Here's why.

What is work? Ultimately, work is the scattering (disordering) of energy.  We
can always resort to calorimetry, e.g., and determine the warming of a
solution (such as water) by a mechanically-powered paddlewheel, to convert
mechanical energy to heat energy, etc.  But in QM, all mechanical forces are
generated by the exchange of virtual photons, so even mechanical force is
electromagnetic at base.  Hence mechanical force times distance is also
EM-generated, at its causative base.  Eventually, mechanical and
electromagnetic work involves the scattering of EM energy.

So substituting for the term "work" in the accepted definition of energy, the
standard definition is really this: "Energy is the (capacity to do)
scattering of energy."[6]  That's logically contradictory.  It says that
energy is just its own scattering!  And that's nonsense.

Try it on the notion of a fishhook.  I can truthfully state: "A fishhook can
be used to catch fish."  That's perfectly okay.  However, we cannot
accurately define a fishhook as "A fishhook IS the capacity to catch fish."
That's a non sequitur.  We can say, accurately, that "a fishhook HAS the
(innate) capacity to catch fish," and that is accurate.  That's just a
statement about fishhooks, it is not a definition.  But we cannot say that
"a fishhook IS the capacity to catch fish."  Indeed, a fishhook IS a bent
piece of wire, where one end is usually curved with a barb on the tip.

Similarly, we can say that "energy HAS the capacity to do work," and that is
logically accurate.  In that form, it's just a statement of one of the things
that energy can be used to do.  One can, by scattering the energy, do work -
since work is just the scattering of energy in the first place.  But one
cannot say that "Energy IS the capacity to do work."  A thing cannot be
defined as just its own scattering!

I find it remarkable - even astounding - that generations of scientists and
engineers have apparently failed to notice this simple, elementary fact.
Could it be that all the physicists and engineers are presently wrong in
their notion as to precisely what energy IS?  If so, then (one might say)
what, pray tell, is it?  What is energy anyway?


A Fundamental Redefinition of Energy

Here's the precise definition:  ENERGY IS ANY ORDERING, EITHER STATIC OR
DYNAMIC, IN THE VIRTUAL PARTICLE FLUX OF VACUUM.  Period.  Note that energy
overall refers to the flux of any and all kinds of virtual particles in the
vacuum.  It can be any kind of ordering imposed in or on any or some or all
of those particle fluxes.

But when you put an adjective modifier in front of the word "energy", then
you have selected a particular type of flux.  In that case you have to
discriminate the type of quantum particle of the field, comprising the flux
that is being referred to.  Like the following:

Definition of Electromagnetic Energy

Electromagnetic energy is any ordering, either static or dynamic, in the
virtual photon flux of vacuum.  In other words, for a field energy, one
selects only the type of particle in the VPF that is the quantum particle of
that field.

Let's continue:  Nowhere in physics - in all of physics - does there appear
a legitimate definition of the electrostatic scalar potential.  The normal
"definition" utilized or advanced is a prescription for calculating its
magnitude.  I could not find a single physicist or electrical engineer who
could accurately define it.  So I went to QM and dug out what it is, myself.
Let's continue:

Definitions of Some Types of Potentials

A potential is any ordering, either static or dynamic or combination thereof,
in the virtual particle flux of vacuum.

Note that, according to this definition, a potential is pure energy, a priori.
But we must be careful.  Because of the nature of the virtual particle flux
comprising it, the potential is a collection of individual virtual energies-
a collection of the individual energies of a host of individually moving
virtual particles.  Each particle is still almost totally separate from each
other, most of the time.  In other words, as an informal analogy, potential
is a sort of mostly disintegrated energy, which only has just a touch of
integration, enough to allow it to be referred to as a single "collection"
or "ordering."

A scalar potential is any static (stationary) ordering in the virtual
particle flux of vacuum.  A vector potential is any dynamic (nonstationary)
ordering in the virtual particle flux of vacuum.  So scalar potentials and
vector potentials are simply different subsets of the energy domain.

An electrostatic scalar potential is any static (stationary) ordering in the
virtual photon flux of vacuum.  And so on.

Now those are all precise definitions.  To the best of my knowledge, they
have not previously appeared in physics.


Internal Wave Structure of A Scalar Potential

However, with respect to the electrostatic scalar potential, one still has a
conceptual problem.  Any photon in the vacuum must of necessity be moving at
an average velocity of c, it would seem.  So how does one have a "stationary"
ordering of these extremely fast photons?  In other words, how do you catch
and "hold stationary" a particle that's moving at luminal velocity, and have
it still continuing to move that fast?

It's simply a special case of a kind of "standing wave" stationary solution
by another name.  Indeed, Whittaker decomposes the scalar potential into
bidirectional pairs (in a harmonic series) of EM waves.[7]  In other words, a
scalar electrostatic potential internally consists of - and is composed of -
paired EM waves, passing through each other, in pairs in a harmonic set.
Sort of like a Fourier expansion set of harmonic waves, coupled with its
phase conjugate set that is present at the same time.  Notice that the
harmonic wavepairs are phase-locked in frequency and time.  Hence this
structure establishes an organized, standing, stationary spatiotemporal
lattice directly in the vacuum potential.  It is strongly pointed out that
this represents a local organization and structuring of spacetime itself.
Further, a given potential created by our circuits is a change in the trapped
local EM energy of the vacuum.  It therefore represents a local curvature of
spacetime, and this local curvature is Whittaker-structured.


Gravitons, Photons, and Antiphotons

So we look at one pair of Whittaker waves, at its wave and antiwave
components.  We point out that the antiwave is a true phase conjugate (time-
reversal) twin of the wave.  In that wave/antiwave pair, photons in the wave
are moving forward (say, from left to right) in one direction, and
antiphotons in the antiwave are moving back (say, from right to left).  In
other words, photons and antiphotons are present and constantly meeting each
other in each wave/antiwave pair.  Further, the antiwave is precisely coupled
to the wave by phase conjugation.  This requires that photons and antiphotons
are also continually and precisely coupling - which they can do and will do
if one is a precise phase conjugate of the other - and decoupling.

But when momentarily coupled, the photon/antiphoton pair have helicity 2.  In
other words, at that moment the paired system (couple) is stationary.  As a
crude visual model, each may be visualized as "whirling around" (orbiting)
the other momentarily, so that each has tangential velocity c, but oppositely
directed, producing a spin-2 system that is momentarily "trapped" and not
translating.[8]  In this fashion a photon may be "spatially trapped" in a
graviton system, but the individual photon may still be moving with
tangential velocity c, even though the graviton system is stationary.

Thus what we have in the Whittaker bidirectional wave structure of the scalar
EM potential is the continual formation and dissolution of stationary spin-2
gravitons, with photons and antiphotons continually entering and exiting each
coupling position.  The gravitons resulting from the photon coupling/
uncoupling are statistical, for they are continually being created and
destroyed.  Those statistical gravitons are what comprise the "electrostatic
scalar potential," and constitute the convolution of the locally trapped
photons.  Consequently, the local EM energy trapped in the scalar EM
potential exists in that form.

Note that, because of the arrangement of the photon/antiphoton pairs into a
harmonic series, all the EM waves in the entire Whittaker set are phase-
locked, as are the gravitons.  This means that the phase-locked graviton sets
represent an ordered spacetime graviton lattice __ containing EM energy
ordered both dynamically and statically in frequency, energy, space, and time.

So, the scalar electrostatic potential is actually a hidden graviton
latticing organization of local spacetime itself.


Photon Interaction And Newton's Third Law

It follows that, in photon interactions, normally we actually have a bust-up
of a graviton, so that we have two photon interactions,[9] not one, as
follows:  (1) the freed forward-time photon interacts with the shell electrons
of the atom, which is the reaction contained in the textbooks, and (2) the
freed time-reversed antiphoton interacts with the nucleus of the atom to
produce Newton's third law reaction force.[10]


The Scalar Potential Is Gravitational

Now that we know that the scalar potential is comprised of gravitons, we can
understand why the potential is gravitational (as is well-known in general
relativity.)[11]  We also realize something even more important:  We realize
precisely how gravitational potential is made and sustained
electromagnetically.  In other words, we now understand electrogravitation.
Note that, so far, we have described a very "linear" condition in spacetime,
where the local spacetime from one point to its neighboring points does not
change in the photon coupling constituency of the graviton lattice.  Such a
spacetime is locally flat.


Curved and Flat Local Spacetimes

However, it follows that we also should be able to do some nonlinear things
to make the average photon/antiphoton coupling differ from spin-2.  In that
case, we can have some multiple photon couplings greater than helicity 2.
We can also have the occasional failure of photon and antiphoton to couple,
so that the average coupling is less than helicity 2.  Because of the
continual creation and annihilation of gravitons, in describing "the"
graviton we are speaking of the average photon coupling over a finite time,
where the average smooths and becomes a constant value, and where by "photon"
we refer to both photons and antiphotons.

If so, we then have this characteristic:  If the average photon coupling in
the vacuum EM potential is spin-2, then that's the "linear" coupling case,
and the local spacetime is flat (uncurved).  If the average coupling is less
than spin-2, then the local spacetime is curved in one direction.  It is
deficient in photons for its preferred coupling, so it acts as a photon sink,
or EM energy sink.  So to speak, such a potential/vacuum/spacetime has
"unfilled photon holes - sort of a slightly depleted "Dirac photon sea."  On
the other hand, if the average coupling is greater than spin-2, the local
spacetime is curved in the opposite direction.  It has a surplus of photons,
so it acts as a photon source - in other words, as an EM energy source.  In
this case, it is a sort of "excited Dirac photon sea."

Just as the spacetime/vacuum possesses a negative energy sea of Dirac
electrons, so it possesses a negative energy sea of photons.  When it's flat,
all the negative energy "holes" are filled with virtual photons.  When it's
curved in one direction, some of the holes are empty, and the local spacetime
will "absorb" some available photons.  When it's curved in the other
direction, an excess of virtual photons/antiphotons are crammed in there in
excess of the holes, so the spacetime will emit photons and serve as an
energy source.

Remember that spacetime/vacuum to first order is just scalar potential.  We
can have a negative or a positive potential, as a delta compared to the
normal or ambient vacuum potential.  And when we speak of curved spacetime,
we are just talking about a surplus or shortage of trapped photon energy
coupling density to comprise the local vacuum/potential.


Potential, Vacuum, Spacetime, and Energy

The four words, potential, vacuum, spacetime, and static energy turn out to
be essentially identities.  Also, all of them have a dynamic substructure.
That is, a vacuum per se is structured/ordered, since it is essentially a
scalar potential.  To first order, it is an electrostatic scalar EM
potential, in the manner shown by Whittaker to have an internal bidirectional
EM wave harmonic structure.  A spacetime is internally structured;  this
provides direct access to "hyperspace" engineering, since the "internal" part
of spacetime is hyperspatial, mathematically.  But with the Whittaker
approach, it is straightforward to directly engineer this internal hyperspace
aspect.

The ultimate engineering is hyperspatial engineering, vacuum engineering,
engineering of potentials, engineering of vacuum engines, energizing the
vacuum, energizing spacetime, structuring the local curvature of spacetime,
engineering the internal electromagnetics, etc.  All these things are
identically the same thing.  They are all part of scalar electromagnetics.

Interference of vacua/potentials generates what we call EM waves in
vacuum.[12]  These waves may move either time-forward or time-reversed
(antiwaves).  You can also engineer this direct scalar interferometry to
produce, stabilize, and control EM energy, in static or dynamic form, as
Whittaker showed in 1904, even at a distance.[13]


Overunity Condition: Tapping The Potential

So, as you might surmise, in scalar EM we can curve local spacetime, and use
it as either a source or a sink of EM energy.  Once we pay to move a set of
charges so as to establish a particular excitation and structure to the local
or distant spacetime, so long as we do not allow the depletion of the
charges, they continue to "pump" virtual photons (that is what electric
charge is, according to QM) and sustain that particular active/excited/
energetic spacetime/vacuum/potential.  If virtual EM photon energy is removed
from that excited/activated vacuum region, the surrounding activated vacuum
instantly replaces it, continually and forever.

Now we are free to build a device which (1) establishes the excited vacuum/
spacetime/potential in the first place, and (2) then taps off the virtual
photon energy of the excited vacuum potential itself, without allowing
depletion of the sustaining charged particles that are fixed in position and
creating/pumping the virtual photon flux that creates the potential.  We can
tap the continual power of the Whittaker EM biwaves flowing through the
excited vacuum potential forever, without exhausting it.  It is simply
comparable to putting a paddlewheel in a river, where in this case the
Whittaker bidirectional EM wave structure is the river, and a special tapping
device or process is the "paddlewheel."  We can extract all the energy we
wish, forever, from the stream, and the vacuum itself will continually and
forever replenish the stream as fast as we extract the power.

So we can build an over-unity machine, IF WE TAP THE LOCALLY ALTERED VACUUM
POTENTIAL'S HIDDEN WHITTAKER RIVER, rather than releasing the sustaining
electrical charges/VPF spray pumps we accumulated to create that altered
potential.

If you release the charges (the electrons, e.g.) as normal electrical
engineers are trained to do, the charges translate and mechanically bang and
clang their way through resistances, etc. on the way to electrical ground,
depleting the potential in the process.  This banging and clanging produces
scattering of the order/energy in the potential and hence does work.  But
that way you only get one shot of it.  It's a one-time thing, and then you've
got to pay to move in some more charges, build another potential, and release
the potential and the charges so the charges will go banging and clanging
through the circuit again, scattering energy (order) and producing one-time
work again.

That's a very poor way to do business.  It's rather like having some free,
self-powered pumps, building a dam to hold some water pressure, moving in
some of the pumps and pumping up water behind the dam to provide the
pressure, then knocking down the dam and releasing the pumps and the water
simultaneously, so that the water will rush out and push the pumps along to
bump into things along the flow channel and do "banging and clanging" work.
Yes, you can get some work done by the pumps one time that way.  But it's a
"hell of a way to run a railroad!"  Yet all our present electrical engineers
and electrical scientists are trained to plan, develop, build, and utilize
just such crude EM systems!


Nature's Engines: Charged Particles Are Pumps

Charged particles, in quantum mechanics, are engaged in a violent virtual
particle flux exchange with the vacuum.  The violent virtual photon exchange
between vacuum and mass particle is what creates and constitutes the
electrical charge on that particle of mass.  In other words, the electrically
charged particle is nature's little "spray engine" or "spray pump," with
respect to virtual photon flux or spray.

The magnitude of the electrostatic scalar potential created by the
accumulated charges (spray pumps) represents the local magnitude (flux/spray
density) of that virtual photon "spray."  It has nothing to do with the mass
of the charges, except that nature has built those particular masses to be
"little self-powered spray pumps."

When we "charge up" an accumulator, such as a steel sphere or a capacitor, we
push in the electrons so that they pack closer together, and we thus increase
the virtual photon spray density because we've accumulated more sprayers in
a confined volumetric region.  The volumetric spray density represents the
magnitude of the electrostatic scalar potential (ESP), in this analogy.
Contrary to conventional wisdom, Whittaker proved that this scalar potential -
this "spray density" - is internally organized into hidden, flowing,
bidirectional EM waves.[14]  EM forcefield wave Energy is flowing in both
directions.  In the electrostatic scalar potential, the net Poynting vector
resultant is zero, but it is a "sum-zero system" composed of an infinite set
of opposite but equal finite Poynting vectors.  That zero vector resultant is
a scalar EM potential.  It's got lots and lots of EM energy flowing both in
and out simultaneously, but these flows are normally balanced and in
equilibrium.


The Overunity Electrical Machine's Secret

However, if we could tap the EM energy in those hidden EM waves flowing
oppositively inside the ESP, we could extract EM energy from the vacuum.  We
could "gate" some of the spray energy, that comes in from the vacuum to the
charged particle, into the external circuit instead of back out to the vacuum.
If so, we can use that "extracted and externally gated EM energy"  to power a
load.

The "nucleus as a Whittaker-pumped phase conjugate mirror" mechanism I found
in 1986, furnished to Floyd Sweet in early 1987, and released in 1991 allows
precisely that tapping and gating capability.

Here's the magic secret of all electrical over-unity machines:  TAP THE
VIRTUAL PHOTON SPRAY.  TAP THE ENERGY IN THE MASSLESS VACUUM POTENTIAL.  DO
NOT RELEASE THE SPRAY PUMPS.  DO NOT ALLOW CURRENT FLOW IN THAT PART OF THE
CIRCUIT WHERE THE CHARGE PUMPS ARE COLLECTED TO CREATE THE POTENTIAL.  OR AT
LEAST ALLOW ONLY THE ABSOLUTE MINIMUM OF FLOW/BLEED-OFF THERE, OF THE PUMPS.
ORGANIZE, GATE, AND APPLY THE POTENTIAL SPRAY TO THE EXTERNAL CIRCUIT, WHERE
IT WILL ATTACH TO AVAILABLE ELECTRONS, FORMING FORCE FIELDS, VOLTAGE, AND
CURRENTS TO PUMP ELECTRONS AROUND THE CIRCUIT.  USE THOSE EXTERNALLY POWERED
FIELDS AND CURRENTS TO POWER THE LOAD.

You can freely tap the potential's VPF "spray" forever, once one is created
in the vacuum.  As fast as you scavenge out the power in the spray, it is
just renewed by the continued pumping of the charged particle "spray pumps."
Nature and nature's excited vacuum potential "flux-spray" provide and
replenish that pumping and that power, for free, forever.

So the altered vacuum (potential) is a universal "virtual-photon-flux fuel"
if you construct your power units correctly.  But you must engineer things
one step deeper than the present seriously flawed electromagnetics
prescribes.

Similar constructions give the secret of gravity and antigravity, and how to
engineer them as well.  However, that is beyond the scope of this paper.


All Systems Are Open To Vacuum Flux Exchange

As we stated, our attention is no longer directed to scalar EM weapons, but
to the Phase II operation.  That is progressing;  there are at present several
legitimate devices or processes that produce overunity.  We reiterate that
this is nothing mystical;  none of these systems or processes is a closed
system, so closed-system energy conservation need not apply locally.

Indeed, there is really no such thing in the universe as a truly closed
system, anywhere.  Every system is open to the vacuum's virtual particle
flux, and is in fact already in a fantastic virtual particle exchange with
the vacuum.  Normally, however, the influx and the outflux are equal in
absolute magnitude; hence the system is in internal equilibrium vis-a-vis
the vacuum.  However, if one breaks the equilibrium in this internal flux
exchange, and organizes and gates a portion of that influx on out of the
atom and into the external circuits, one can power an external
electromagnetic load directly from the extracted vacuum energy.

It is no more mysterious than placing a paddlewheel in a flowing stream, to
extract some useful energy as shaft horsepower.  We just have a more esoteric
stream and a more esoteric paddlewheel.


In Conclusion

We also point out that there are no irrevocable "laws" of nature.  Every
so-called "law of physics" is just a great and useful generalization, based
on certain fixed assumptions, that holds in a broad area.  If the assumptions
are violated, however, the law need no longer hold, and it can be violated.

Scientific proof is proof by the experimental method, not by the
authoritarian pronouncements of orthodox scientists.  Unfortunately,
orthodoxy as yet knows nothing of the process we are advancing, or of scalar
electromagnetics.  In the unorthodox experimental arena, however, scalar EM
is still a newborn infant in the womb, but it is thriving and advancing.  It
is up to us to serve as midwives and get the infant born.


NOTES AND REFERENCES


1.  T.E. Bearden and Walter Rosenthal, "On a testable unification of
    electromagnetics, general relativity, and quantum mechanics," Proceedings
    of the 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, August
    4-9, 1991, Boston, Massachusetts.

2.  Floyd Sweet and T.E. Bearden, "Utilizing scalar electromagnetics to tap
    vacuum energy," Proceedings of the 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion
    Engineering Conference (IECEC '91), August 4-9, 1991, Boston,
    Massachusetts.

3.  E.T. Whittaker, "On the partial differential equations of mathematical
    physics," Mathematische Annalen, Vol. 57, 1903, p. 333-355.  See also V.K.
    Ignatovich, "The remarkable capabilities of recursive relations,"
    American Journal of Physics, 57(10), Oct. 1989, p. 873-878.  See also
    Richard W. Ziolkowski, "Localized transmission of wave energy," Proc.
    SPIE Vol. 1061, Microwave and Particle Beam sources and Directed Energy
    Concepts, Jan. 1989, p. 396-397.

4.  This self-oscillation in barium compounds is well-known in nonlinear
    optics, although it is usually experimentally accomplished in the optical
    frequency regime.  Sweet brilliantly discovered how to initiate this
    self-oscillation or self-pumping at ELF frequencies, such as 60 Hz.

5.  For a statement of the distortion correction theorem, see Amnon Yariv,
    Optical Electronics, Third Edition, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York,
    1985, p. 500-501.  See also David M. Pepper, "Nonlinear optical phase
    conjugation," Optical Engineering, 21(2), March/April 1982, p. 156-183 for
    a good overview of optical phase conjugation.

6.  Shortly below, energy will be defined as a certain kind of order.  So the
    present "definition" of energy actually is stating that "order is the
    disordering of order."  In that form, the logical contradiction in the
    "definition" is immediately apparent.

7.  E.T. Whittaker, 1903, ibid.

8.  This is true because the wave and antiwave are interfering.  Such
    interference produces galloping waves, whose instantaneous velocity
    varies from the speed of light.  The galloping wave slows to, say,
    0.01 c, then rushes forward again at 100 c, then slows, then speeds up,
    and so on.  Its average velocity is c.  But its instantaneous velocity is
    usually anything but c.  See William G. Harter, John Evans, Roberto Vega,
    and Sanford Wilson. "Galloping waves and their relativistic properties."
    American Journal of Physics, 53(7), July 1985, p. 671-679.

9.  Occasionally yet another physicist discovers that photon interaction is
    actually binary, and that we ignore or discard half of almost all of our
    measurements.  For example, see Richard Kidd et al, "Evolution of the
    Modern Photon," American Journal of Physics, 57(1), Jan. 1989, p. 27-35.
    See also R. Chen, "Cancellation of Internal Forces," American Journal of
    Physics, 49(4), Apr. 1981, p. 372.

10. Essentially this has been experimentally proven.  E.g., when one has a
    phase conjugate material, it may emit either photons (a normal wave) or
    antiphotons (a time-reversed or phase-conjugate wave).  Now, if I am
    right as to the genesis of Newtonian 3rd law reaction force, then when
    the material emits a time-reversed wave, or an antiphoton, the material
    should not recoil.  Such experiments have in fact been done in nonlinear
    optics experiments, and "inexplicably" a phase conjugate mirror material
    does not recoil when it emits an antiphoton or a phase conjugate wave,
    seemingly violating Newton's third law!  So it seems I am correct after
    all.

11. In the modern GR view, all trapped energy is gravitational.  It is the
    trapped EM energy in mass, e.g., that is gravitational.  Mass is in fact
    a highly intense mass potential.  Since any scalar potential is also a
    form of trapped EM energy, that energy - and hence the potential also -
    is gravitational in nature.

12. E.T. Whittaker, "On an expression of the electromagnetic field due to
    electrons by means of two scalar potential functions," Proceedings of the
    London Mathematical Society, Series 2, Vol. 1, 1904, p. 367-372.  Here
    Whittaker demonstrates that the present forcefield electromagnetics can
    be replaced by scalar potential interferometry.  And I'm called a lunatic
    for speaking of scalar interferometry!  Rigorously the scalar potential
    is composed of a dynamic, opposing vector forcefield wave internal
    structure.  Internally it's vectorial; externally it's scalar.  Whittaker
    1903 tells how to make standing scalar potentials; these can be made as
    beams.  And one can then interfere the two scalar EM beams to produce EM
    force fields directly in distant charged particle systems, by Whittaker
    1904.

13. E.T. Whittaker, 1904, ibid.

14. Mathematically these hidden waves may be modeled as hyperspatial waves.