AOH :: MEYER2.TXT
U.S. Patent #4,936,961 - the Meyer fuel cell
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January 2, 1991
MEYER2.ASC
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This file courteously shared with Keelynet by Jim Shaffer.
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METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A FUEL GAS (US Pat # 4,936,961)
Related Application:
This is a continuation-in -part of my co-pending application
Ser. No. 081,859, filed 8/5/87, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,826, 581.
Field of Invention:
This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for obtaining
the release of a fuel gas mixture including hydrogen and oxygen from
water.
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BACKGROUND OF THE PRIOR ART
Numerous processes have been proposed for separating a water
molecule into its elemental hydrogen and oxygen components.
Electrolysis is one such process. Other processes are described in
the United States patents such as 4,344,831; 4,184,931; 4,023,545;
3,980, 053; and Patent Corporation Treaty application No.
PCT/US80/1362, Published 30 April, 1981.
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OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide a fuel cell and a
process in which molecules of water are broken down into hydrogen
and oxygen gases, and other formerly dissolved within the water is
produced. As used herein the term "fuel cell" refers to a single
unit of the invention comprising a water capacitor cell, as
hereinafter explained, that produces the fuel gas in accordance with
the method of the invention.
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Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit useful in the process.
FIG. 2 shows a perspective of a "water capacitor" element used
in the fuel cell circuit.
FIGS. 3A through 3F are illustrations depicting the theoretical
bases for the phenomena encountered during operation of
the invention herein.
Page 1
Description of the Preferred Embodiment:
In brief, the invention is a method of obtaining the release of a
gas mixture including hydrogen on oxygen and other dissolved gases
formerly entrapped in water, from water consisting of:
(A) providing a capacitor, in which the water is included as a
dielectric liquid between capacitor plates, in a resonate
charging choke circuit that includes an inductance in series
with the capacitor;
(B) subjecting the capacitor to a pulsating, unipolar electric
voltage field in which the polarity does no pass beyond an
arbitrary ground, whereby the water molecules within the
capacitor are subjected to a charge of the same polarity and
the water molecules are distended by their subjection to
electrical polar forces;
(C) Further subjecting in said capacitor to said pulsating
electric field to achieve a pulse frequency such that the
Pulsating electric field induces a resonance within the
water molecule;
(D) continuing the application of the pulsating frequency to the
capacitor cell after resonance occurs so that the energy
level within the molecule is increased in cascading
incremental steps in proportion to the number of pulses;
(E) maintaining the charge of said capacitor during the
application of the pulsing field, whereby the co-valent
electrical bonding of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms within
said molecules is destabilized such that the force of the
electrical field applied, as the force is effective within
the molecule, exceeds the bonding force of the molecule, and
hydrogen and oxygen atoms are liberated from the molecule as
elemental gases; and
(F) collecting said hydrogen and oxygen gases, and any other
gases that were formerly dissolved within the water, and
discharging the collected gases as a fuel gas mixture.
The process follows the sequence of steps shown in the following
Table 1 in which water molecules are subjected to increasing
electrical forces. In an ambient state, randomly oriented water
molecules are aligned with respect to a molecule polar orientation.
They are next, themselves polarized and "elongated" by the
application of an electrical potential to the extent that covalent
bonding of the water molecule is so weakened that the atoms
dissociate and the molecule breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen
elemental components.
Engineering design parameters based on known theoretical principles
of electrical circuits determine the incremental levels of
electrical and wave energy input required to produce resonance in
the system whereby the fuel gas comprised of a mixture of hydrogen,
oxygen, and other gases such as air test were formerly dissolved
within the water, is produced.
Page 2
TABLE 1
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Process Steps:
The sequence of the relative state of the water molecule
and/or hydrogen/oxygen/other atoms:
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A. (ambient state) random
B. Alignment of polar fields
C. Polarization of molecule
D. Molecular elongation
E. Atom liberation by breakdown of covalent bond
F. Release of gases
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In the process, the point of optimum gas release is reached at a
circuit resonance. Water in the fuel cell is subjected to a
pulsating, polar electric field produced by the electrical circuit
whereby the water molecules are distended by reason of their
subjection to electrical polar forces of the capacitor plates.
The polar pulsating frequency applied is such that the pulsating
electric field induces a resonance in the molecule. A cascade effect
occurs and the overall energy level of specific water molecules is
increased in cascading, incremental steps.
The hydrogen and oxygen atomic gases, and other gas components
formerly entrapped as dissolved gases in water, are released when
the resonant energy exceeds the co-valent bonding force of the water
molecule. A preferred construction material for the capacitor plates
is stainless steel T-304 which is non-chemical reactive with water,
hydrogen, or oxygen.
An electrically conductive material which is inert in the fluid
environment is a desirable material of construction for the
electrical field plates of the "water capacitor" employed in the
circuit.
Once triggered, the gas output is controllable by the attenuation of
operational parameters. Thus, once the frequency of resonance is
identified, by varying the applied pulse voltage to the water fuel
cell assembly, gas output is varied.
By varying the pulse shape and/or amplitude or pulse train sequence
of the initial pulsing wave source, final gas output is varied.
Attenuation of the voltage field frequency in the form of OFF and ON
pulses likewise affects output.
The overall apparatus thus includes an electrical circuit in which a
water capacitor having a known dielectric property is an element.
The fuel gases are obtained from the water by the disassociation of
the water molecule. The water molecules are split into component
atomic elements (hydrogen and oxygen gases) by a voltage stimulation
process called the electrical polarization process which also
releases dissolved gases entrapped in the water.
From the outline of physical phenomena associated with the process
described in Table 1, the theoretical basis of the invention
Page 3
considers the respective states of molecules and gases and ions
derived from liquid water. Before voltage stimulation, water
molecules are randomly dispersed throughout water in a container.
When a unipolar voltage pulse train such as shown in FIGS. 3B
through 3F is applied to positive and negative capacitor plates, an
increasing voltage potential is induced in the molecules in a
linear, step like charging effect.
The electrical field of the particles within a volume of water
including the electrical field plates increases from a low energy
state to a high energy state successively is a step manner following
each pulse-train as illustrated figuratively in the depictions of
FIG. 3A through 3F.
The increasing voltage potential is always positive in direct
relationship to negative ground potential during each pulse. The
voltage polarity on the plates which create the voltage fields
remains constant although the voltage charge increases. Positive and
negative voltage "zones" are thus formed simultaneously in the
electrical field of the capacitor plates.
In the first stage of the process described in Table 1, because the
water molecule naturally exhibits opposite electrical fields in a
relatively polar configuration (the two hydrogen atoms are
positively electrically charged relative to the negative
electrically charged oxygen atom), the voltage pulse causes
initially randomly oriented water molecules in the liquid state to
spin and orient themselves with reference to positive and negative
poles of the voltage fields applied.
The positive electrically charged hydrogen atoms of said water
molecule are attracted to a negative voltage field; while, at the
same time, the negative electrically charged oxygen atoms of the
same water molecule are attracted to a positive voltage field.
Even a slight potential difference applied to inert, conductive
plates of a containment chamber which forms a capacitor will
initiate polar atomic orientation within the water molecule based on
polarity differences.
When the potential difference applied causes the orientated water
molecules to align themselves between the conductive plates, pulsing
causes the voltage field intensity to be increased in accordance
with FIG. 3B. As further molecule alignment occurs, molecular
movement is hindered.
Because the positively charged hydrogen atoms of said aligned
molecules are attracted in a direction opposite to the negatively
charged oxygen atoms, a polar charge alignment or distribution
occurs within the molecules between said voltage zones, as shown in
FIG. 3B. And as the energy level of the atoms subjected to resonant
pulsing increases, the stationary water molecules become elongated
as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D. Electrically charged nuclei and
electrons are attracted toward opposite electrically charged
equilibrium of the water molecule.
As the water molecule is further exposed to an increasing potential
difference resulting from the step charging of the capacitor, the
Page 4
electrical force of attraction of the atoms within the molecule to
the capacitor plates of the chamber also increase in strength. As a
result, the co-valent bonding between which form the molecule is
weakened - and ultimately terminated. The negatively charged
electron is attracted toward the positively charged hydrogen atoms,
while at the same time, the negatively charged oxygen atoms repel
electrons.
In a more specific explanation of the "sub-atomic" action the occurs
in the water fuel cell, it is known that natural water is a liquid
which has a dielectric constant of 78.54 at 20 degrees C. and 1 atm
pressure. [Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 68th ed., CRC
Press(Boca Raton, Florida (1987-88)), Section E-50. H20(water)].
When a volume of water is isolated and electrically conductive
plates, that are chemically inert in water and are separated by a
distance, are immersed in water, a capacitor is formed, having a
capacitance determined by the surface area of the plates, the
distance of their separation and the dielectric constant of water.
When water molecules are exposed to voltage at a restricted current,
water takes on an electrical charge. By the laws of electrical
attraction, molecules align according to positive and negative
polarity fields of the molecule and the alignment field . The plates
of the capacitor constitute such as alignment field when a voltage
is applied.
When a charge is applied to a capacitor, the electrical charge of
the capacitor equals the applied voltage charge; in a water
capacitor, the dielectric property of water resists the flow of amps
in the circuit, and the water molecule itself, because it has
polarity fields formed by the relationship of hydrogen and oxygen in
the co-valent bond, and intrinsic dielectric property, becomes part
of the electrical circuit, analogues to a "mircocapacitor" within
the capacitor defined by the plates.
In the Example of a fuel cell circuit of FIG. 1, a water capacitor
is included. The step-up coil is formed on a conventional torroidal
core formed of a compressed ferromagnetic powered material that will
not itself become permanently magnetized, such as the trademarked
"Ferramic 06# "Permag" powder as described in Siemens Ferrites
Catalog, CG-2000-002-121, (Cleveland, Ohio) No. F626-1205". The
core is 1.50 inch in diameter and 0.25 inch in thickness. A primary
coil of 200 turns of 24 gauge coppe r wire is provided and coil of
600 turns of 36 gauge wire comprises the secondary winding.
In the circuit of FIG 1, the diode is a 1N1198 diode which acts as a
blocking diode and an electric switch that allows voltage flow in
one direction only. Thus, the capacitor is never subjected to a
pulse of reverse polarity.
The primary coil of the torroid is subject to a 50% duty cycle
pulse. The torroidal pulsing coil provides a voltage step-up from
the pulse generator in excess of five times, although the relative
amount of step-up is determined by pre-selected criteria for a
particular application. As the stepped-up pulse enters first
inductor (formed from 100 turns of 24 gauge wire 1 inch in
diameter), an electromagnetic field is formed around the inductor,
voltage is switched off when the pulse ends, and the field collapses
Page 5
and produces another pulse of the same polarity; i.e., another
positive pulse is formed where the 50% duty cycle was terminated.
Thus, a double pulse frequency is produced; however, in pulse train
of unipolar pulses, there is a brief time when pulses are not
present.
By being so subjected to electrical pulses in the circuit of FIG. 1,
water confined in the volume that includes the capacitor plates
takes on an electrical charge that is increased by a step charging
phenomenon occurring in the water capacitor. Voltage continually
increases (to about 1000 volts and more) and the water molecules
starts to elongate.
The pulse train is then switched off; the voltage across the water
capacitor drops to the amount of the charge that the water molecules
have taken on i.e. voltage is maintained across the charged
capacitor. The pulse train is the reapplied.
Because a voltage potential applied to a capacitor can perform work,
the higher the voltage the higher the voltage potential, the more
work us performed by a given capacitor. In an optimum capacitor that
is wholly non-conductive, zero (0) current flow will occur across
the capacitor.
Thus, in view of an idealized capacitor circuit, the object of the
water capacitor circuit is to prevent electron flow through the
circuit, i.e. such as occurs by electron flow or leakage through a
resistive element that produces heat.
Electrical leakage in the water will occur, however, because of some
residual conductivity and impurities or ions that may be otherwise
present in the water. Thus, the water capacitor is preferably
chemically inert. An electrolyte is not added to the water.
In the isolated water bath, the water molecule takes on charge, and
the charge increases. The object of the process is to switch off the
co-valent bonding of the water molecule and interrupt the sub-atomic
force, i.e. the electrical force or electromagnetic force, that
binds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms to form a molecule so that the
hydrogen and oxygen separate.
Because an electron will only occupy a certain electron shell
(shells are well known) the voltage applied to the capacitor affects
the electrical forces inherent in the co-valent bond. As a result of
the charge applied by the plates, the applied force becomes greater
than the force of the co-valent bonds between the atom of the water
molecule; and the water molecule becomes elongated. When this
happens, the time share ratio of the electron shells is modified.
In the process, electrons are extracted from the water bath;
electrons are not consumed nor are electrons introduced into the
water bath by the circuit as electrons are conventionally introduced
in as electrolysis process. There may nevertheless occur a leakage
current through the water.
Those hydrogen atoms missing electrons become neutralized; atoms are
liberated from the water. The charged atoms and electrons are
attracted to the opposite polarity voltage zones created between the
capacitor plates. The electrons formerly shared by atoms in the
Page 6
water co-valent bond are reallocated such that neutral elemental
gases are liberated.
In the process, the electrical resonance may be reached at all
levels of voltage potential. The overall circuit is characterized as
a "resonant charging choke" circuit which is an inductor in series
with a capacitor that produces a resonant circuit. [SAMS Modern
Dictionary of Electronics, Rudolf Garff, copy right 1984, Howard W.
Sams & Co. (Indianapolis, Ind.), page 859.]
Such a resonant charging choke is on each side of the capacitor. In
the circuit, the diode acts as a switch that allows the magnetic
field produced in the inductor to collapse, thereby doubling the
pulse frequency and preventing the capacitor from discharging. In
this manner a continuous voltage is produced across the capacitor
plates in the water bath; and the capacitor does not discharge. The
water molecules are thus subjected to a continuously charged field
until the breakdown of the co-valent bond occurs.
As noted initially, the capacitance depends on the dielectric
properties of the water and the size and separation of the
conductive elements forming the water capacitor.
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EXAMPLE 1
In an example of the circuit of FIG. 1 (in which other circuit
element specifications are provided above), two concentric cylinders
4 inches long formed the water capacitor of the fuel cell in the
volume of water. The outside cylinder was .75 inch in outside
diameter; the inner cylinder was 0.5 inch in outside diameter.
Spacing from the outside of the inner cylinder to the inner surface
of the outside cylinder was 0.0625 inch. Resonance in the circuit
was achieved at a 26 volt applied pulse to the primary coil of the
torroid at 0KHz, and the water molecules disassociated into
elemental hydrogen and oxygen and the gas released from the fuel
cell comprised a mixture of hydrogen, oxygen from the water
molecule, and gases formerly dissolved in the water such as the
atmospheric gases or oxygen, nitrogen, and argon.
In achieving resonance in any circuit, as the pulse frequency is
adjusted, the flow of amps is minimized and the voltage is maximized
to a peak. Calculation of the resonance frequency of an overall
circuit is determined by known means; different cavities have a
different frequency of resonance dependant on parameters of the
water dielectric, plate size, configuration and distance, circuit
inductors, and the like. Control of the production of fuel gas is
determined by variation of the period of time between a train of
pulses, pulse amplitude and capacitor plate size and configuration,
with corresponding value adjustments to other circuit components.
The wiper arm on the second conductor tunes the circuit and
accommodates to contaminants in water so that the charge is always
applied to the capacitor. The voltage applied determines the rate of
breakdown of the molecule into its atomic components. As water in
the cell is consumed, it is replaced by any appropriate means or
control system.
Page 7
Variations of the process and apparatus may be evident to those
skilled in the art.
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What is claimed is:
1. A method of obtaining the release of a gas mixture including
hydrogen and oxygen and other dissolved gases formerly
entrapped in water, from water, consisting of:
(A) providing a capacitor in which water is included as a
dielectric between capacitor plates, in a resonant
charging choke circuit that includes an inductance in
series with the capacitor;
(B) subjecting the capacitor to a pulsating, uinpolar electric
charging voltage in which the polarity does not pass
beyond an arbitrary ground, whereby the water molecules
within the capacitor plates;
(C) further subjecting the water in said capacitor to a
pulsating electric field resulting from the subjection of
the capacitor to the charging voltage such that the
pulsating electric field induces a resonance within the
water molecules;
(D) continuing the application of the pulsating charging
voltage to the capacitor after the resonance occurs so
that the energy level within the molecules is increased in
cascading incremental steps in proportion to the number of
pulses;
(E) maintaining the charge of said capacitor during the
application of the pulsating charge voltage, whereby the
co-valent electrical bonding of the hydrogen and oxygen
atoms within said molecules is destabilized, such that the
force of the electrical field applied to the molecules
exceeds the bonding force within the molecules, and the
hydrogen and oxygen atoms are liberated from the molecules
as elemental gases.
2. The method of claim 1 including the further steps of
collecting said liberated gases and any other gases that were
formerly dissolved within the water and discharging said
collected gases as a fuel gas mixture.
*** END OF PATENT TEXT ***
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Note:
1N1198 Diode is also a NTE 5995 or a ECG 5994. It is a 40A 600 PIV
Diode (the 40A is over kill and may not be needed).
Stainless Steel "T304" is a type of weldable Stainless, but other
types should work the same. "T304" is just the more common type of
Stainless tubing available.
The outer tube figures out to be 3/4" 16 gauge (.060 "wall") tube (a
common size) cut to 4 inch length.
Page 8
The inner tube figure out to be 1/2" 18 gauge (.049 "wall", this is
a common size for this tube, but the actual gauge cannot be figured
from this patent documentation, but this size should work) cut to 4
inch length.
You should also attach the two leads to the Stainless, using
Stainless solid rod (1/6 dia would do) and USE LEAD FREE SOLDER !
(you may want the purified water that is returned to drink some
day).
You also need to figure out a way to keep the two tubes separated
from each other. This could be done with small pieces of plastic.
They cannot block the flow of water into/out of the tubes.
It was not indicated if the inner tube is full of water or not. The
guess here is that it is full of water, and this doesn't effect the
device at all.
The Patent doesn't say but I would think that insulating the leads
with some type of tubing up to the tubes would be electrically
correct (and probably wouldn't hurt).
The pulse frequency was not printed, it is estimated from the size
of the coils and transformer that the frequency doesn't exceed 50
Mhz. Don't depend on this being fact, it's just a educated guess.
The circuit to do this is not shown, just empty boxes. It's time to
get out your SCOPE and try things !
Don't forget to share your results with others ! GREED is why this
type of thing never gets out into the world to do some GOOD.
If you want to make some money, make something PRACTICAL that WORKS
and that PEOPLE can use in their every day lives, then sell it!
Holding onto information like this only hurts ALL OF US !!
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Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
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