THE FALLACY OF CONDUCTORS
                       Eric P. Dollard
                     "Wireless Engineer"
                           (C) 1987


1)   When electro-magnetic energy is conveyed from one point
in space to another point in space a closed loop is required
to connect the point of generation with the point of
utilization.  This closed loop is called the electric circuit
and consists of a boundary formed by what have become known
as electric conductors.  This boundary encloses a definite
quantity of space.

     When electro-magnetic energy flows through the space
enclosed by the electric circuit phenomena take place inside
the circuit material as well as the space outside this
material.

     Within the circuit conductor material, during the
passage of electro-magnetic energy, this energy is
continuously being consumed within the molecular space and
converted into thermo-dynamic energy (heat).  This may be
represented by the passing electro-magnetic wave dragging
into the electric circuit material.  This drag is analogous
to frictional losses and is called the resistance of the
electric circuit, R.

     In the space outside the circuit conductor material,
during the passage of electro-magnetic energy, a condition of
aetheric stress exists, which is called the electric field of
the electric circuit.  The energy contained by the electric
field is continuously being transferred through this space
from the point of generation which supplies energy to the
electric field to the point of utilization which abstracts
energy from the electric filed.

     The electric field of the circuit exerts physical
magnetic and dielectric actions.  The magnetic action is
orientated parallel to the surface of the conductor material
(in its immediate vicinity).  That is, a needle shaped
magnetic body tends to set itself in a direction parallel to
the surface of the conductor material.

     The dielectric action is orientated perpendicular to the
surface of the conductor material (in its immediate
vicinity).  That is, a needle shaped dielectric body tends to
set itself in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the
conductor material

     Thus, the electric field of the circuit, over which
passes the flow of electro-magnetic energy, has three
fundamental axes which are at right angles with each other:

The dielectric axis, perpendicular to the conductor surface,

The magnetic axis, parallel to the conductor surface,

The electro-magnetic axis, co-axial with the direction of the
electric circuit.

     The space outside of the conductor material, bounded by
the electric circuit, has the property of propagating a
wavefront of light at a definite velocity, C.  This velocity
is a characteristic property of the aether in which the
electric circuit exists.  The inverse square of this velocity
is called the capacitance of the electric circuit.
*jy n*

                      1                         -9  -1
                 C = ---                  (4  10  p)   farads
                       2
                      c

*jy y*
     The capacitance is a measure of the ability to store
energy in the dielectric field of induction, of the electric
circuit.

     The quantity of space enclosed by the bounding electric
circuit is proportional to the total length of the electric
circuit, l  , multiplied by the distance between the bounding
conductors, l  ,
*jy n*

                      2                                    2
             l  l  = l                         (centimetre)
              1  2    0

*jy y*
and has the dimensions of an area.  This area in square
centimetres defines what is called the inductance of the
electric circuit.
*jy n*

                2                                 -9
               l   = L                      4   10  p  Henrys
                0
*jy y*
     The inductance is a measure of the ability to store
energy in the magnetic field of induction of the electric
circuit.

     Together, the capacitance and the inductance
representing the dielectric and magnetic fields of induction
of the electric circuit, serve as a measure of the
propagation characteristics of the electric circuit for the
transmission of electro-magnetic energy.
*jy n*
                        2
               - LC  = t                , natural period
                        0


                  L     2
               - --- = Z                , natural impedance
                  C     0


*jy y*
2)   The popular conception of electro-magnetic energy
transmission as it exists today is; energy is transmitted
through the interior of the conductor material, that is,
electricity flows through wires like water flows through
pipes.  This transmission is said to involve the flow of
charged sub-atomic particles called electrons.

     According to this theory the materials possessing the
most "free electrons" serve as the best conductors of
electro-magnetic energy.  Conversely, the materials
possessing the least "free electrons" serve as the poorest
conductors of electro-magnetic energy.  These materials are
called insulators.  Insulators are said to block the passage
of electricity.

     The conclusion drawn is that electricity is the flow of
electrons and that the space outside of the conductor
material is empty and dead.  It follows that a superconductor
is that material which offers no opposition to the flow of
electrons and hence no opposition to the flow of electricity.
Conversely, free space devoid of matter offers total
opposition to the flow of electricity.  Nothing could be
further from the truth, yet this is the concept of
electricity propounded by the scientist of today.

     The real actions of the conducting material presents
itself when it is in the so-called superconducting state.  If
a section of a superconducting material is suspended in
space, free to move, and a magnetic field of induction is
made to approach this material, it is found that the material
is repelled by the approach of the field.  If the material is
indeed superconducting it will maintain a definite distance,
l, for an indefinite period of time t---    , from the source
of magnetic induction.  Any tendency for the material to sink
into the magnetic field,  l--- O,  indicates the material is
not perfectly superconducting but has a finite resistance R.

     It may be concluded that the so-called conducting
material does not so much conduct as it does repel or reflect
magnetism, or electro-magnetic energy in general.



     If an electric circuit is conveying electro-magnetic
energy as previously discussed it is found that a force or
pressure is exerted upon the circuit material.  This pressure
tends to repel opposing parts of the circuit material and
cause the circuit to expand.  The quantity of this pressure
in the space bounded by the circuit is called the magneto-
motive force of the circuit.

     It can therefore be seen that the conducting materials
serve as the walls of a container holding magnetic pressure.
If the conducting material is in the so-called
superconducting state and the ends of the circuit are shorted
the electric circuit will hold this magneto-motive pressure
indefinitely, in analogy with compressed air stored in a
tank.  In order for this to be the result of electron flow
requires that this flow be in perpetual motion, an unlikely
proposition.

     It may be concluded that materials called electric
conductors might best be called electric obstructors and
serve not to conduct electro-magnetism but serve to reflect
it back on itself.  The flow of electro-magnetism is
conducted by the aethereous space bound by the obstructing
material.

     The character of this aethereous space is represented by
its inductance L and its capacitance C.  Since pure space is
considered a perfect insulator by atomic theory is it not
ironic that it offers the least resistance to the flow of
electro-magnetism?  It is then the insulators that are the
true conductors of electricity.^Z