AOH :: INCPROB.TXT
Problems with garbage incinerators
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APPENDIX A
INCINERATOR PROBLEMS
The following list is a snapshot of the operating experience of the
"state of the art" for incinerators. While the list does not include every
incinerator operating in the US, CCHW has every reason to believe that the
problems described below are common to all incinerators.
LOCATION PROJECT DEVELOPER PROBLEMS
Tuscaloosa, AL Consumat The town sued Consumat, for $20
million for fraud and breach of
contract. For several years, the
plant operated at $70,000 monthly
deficit. The tipping fee haws
increased by over 50% (Tuscaloosa
News, 1986, 1987).
Little Rock, AR Consumat Neighbors complain of illness.
Employees are unprotected. No
pollution control. Screen
porches eaten away by acid
gasses (eyewitness).
Commerce City, CA Foster Wheeler Plant opened in 1986. Problems
with boiler tubes and ash
conveyer belts. Eyewitness
accounts of 55 gallon drum in
furnace (WOW 1987).
Susanville, CA College This incinerator was run by
Lassen Community College and
bankrupted the college. Ash at
one point was being stored on the
tennis courts. Shut down in 1987.
Hartford, CT Combustion Eng Two days after this plant went on
line, the boiler tubes ruptured
and the furnace was shut down.
This incident was the capstone on
a rather depressing shakedown
period. Combustion's first
plant, the results do not bode
well for their future in waste to
energy.
Windham, CT Consumat Small plant with expensive
pollution control problems.
Neighbors complain of plant
related illnesses. From 1984-6
the plant operated at a loss of
$1.4 million. Debt is damaging
town's credit (WOW, 1987). LOCATION PROJECT DEVE PROBLEMS
Dade Cty, FL Montenay Known as the Miami Monster.
Sister plant in Hempstead, NY
shut due to high Dioxin
emissions. After 6 years,
Montenay will invest $45 million
to refurbish. Plant operates at
1/3 capacity. (WOW, 1987)
Panama City, FL Westinghouse Burning 200 tpd wood chips to
make up for garbage shortage. Ash
leachate spills over into nearby
pond. Yearly overhead, and debt
service total $2.6 million
(Waste Not, 1988).
Pinellas Cty, FL Wheelabrator Pipes burst in boiler due to soot
buildup. $12 million in
replacement parts. Original cost
was $152 million (WOW, 1987).
Framingham, MA City This 250 tpd burner is an old
incinerator which opened with a
baghouse in 1979. Recently it's
ash failed the EP toxicity test,
and the Haverhill landfill (owned
by Ogden Martin!) now refuses to
accept the ash. The plant is
closed.
Haverhill, MA Ogden This incinerator has had constant
problems. Original company went
bankrupt. Ogden took over.
Ogden well known in area because
of involvement in horse track.
Got Board of Health to agree to
allow Ogden to build new
incinerator as a condition of
taking over old one. Plant has
been shut due to high dioxin
emissions but reopened.
Millbury, MA Wheelabrator Owned by two banks and leased to
Wheelabrator. Town gets tipping
fee percentage which has
decreased. State is forcing them
to burn car batteries (eyewitness
account).
North Andover, MA Wheelabrator Fire burned through sides of
building damaging girders and one
crane. Largest fire in towns
history (Boston Globe, 1988)
Rochester, MA Bechtel Brand new RDF incinerator in this
town is without a landfill and
has been cited for air pollution
before going into operation.
Saugus, MA Wheelabrator Oldest of Wheelabrator's Waste to
Energy plants. Ash dumped in
next door salt marsh for 12
years. Saugus hosts New England's
largest lobster fleet. State
claims ash is only being stored
in the marsh (WOW, 1987.)
Baltimore, MD Wheelabrator Industry showcase. No scrubbers
to clean acid gasses. Ash fails
EPA toxic waste criteria due to
hazardous metals content. No
emissions tests for dioxin ever
taken. Original cost, $170
million (WOW, 1987).
Auburn, ME Consumat After 5 years, the plant must be
totally rebuilt at a cost of $5
million. Pollution control
failures, Ash landfill is a
complete mess (eyewitness).
Biddeford, ME KTI Brand new RDF incinerator has had
major breakdowns and equipment
failures. Recent problems
include baghouse popping and
spewing white ash all over
neighboring areas (Journal
Tribune, 1988).
Collegeville, MN Basic Run by Saint John's College
informed state authorities that
it will no longer accept trash.
The decision was believed to have
been precipitated by their ash
failing the EP toxicity test.
Duluth, MN Consoer, Townshend & Original cost of this facility
Associates was $111.5 million. Major
repairs have cost $3.5 million.
Plant is 5 years old (WOW, 1987).
Pascagoula, MS Sigour Freres Workers handling ash are
unprotected. Workers mix fly ash
with bottom ash with their bare
hands (WOW, 1987).
Perham, MN Quadrant This incinerator makes steam for
Land O Lakes dairy factory.
Plant operational in 1987 shut
down while tip fees renegotiated.
A recent letter from opeartor
informed communities that "losses
are beyond Quadrant's ability to
sustain operation (WOW,1988).
Claremont, NH Wheelabrator Ash failed EP tox test due to
metals. Landfill taking ash
illegally (Rutland Herald,
1988).
Portsmouth, NH Consumat This 200 tpd incinerator went on
line in 1982. It was closed in
May 1987 after its ash failed the
EP toxicity test and was required
to send its ash to a hazardous
waste facility, which it couldn't
afford. (Haverhill Gazette,
1987).
Warren Cty, NJ Blount Plant opened in rural farmland at
a cost of $66 mill. Recently ash
trucks were fined $5000 each for
violations.
Cuba, NY Plant produces steam for
neighboring Cuba Cheese Corp.
No pollution controls.
Peekskill, NY Wheelabrator $30 million lost revenues. Tip
fee $80/ton.Falling slag killed a
shift supervisor. Original cost
was $243 million (CFR, 1986).
Rome, NY Plagued by failures in the
emissions equipment and grate-
drive mechanisms, Town issued an
additional $1.6 million in bonds
(Sentinel, 1986).
Niagara Falls, NY Foster Wheeler A resource recovery plant was
designed to cost $65 million has
cost over $100 million, costs
expected to exceed $180
million (LCSWM, 1986). LOCATION PROJECT DEVELOPE PROBLEMS
Columbus, OH County $118 million bond issued. $70
million in cost overruns.
Finished 2 years late. Plant
breakdowns and equipment failures
cost another $12 million.
Additional repairs expected at
$3.5 million (Waste Age, 1987).
Marion County, OR Ogden Martin When this plant failed emissions
tests, the state rewrote the
standards to suit the emissions.
Quench water from ash landfill is
sprayed on nearby orchards.
This incinerator has been
secretely burning medical waste
since 1986 (Waste Not, 1988).
Alexandria, VA Ogden Martin Neighbors complain of odors and
steam emissions that cover their
cars and laundry. Community
pressure is forcing Ogden to
install expensive pollution
control equipment (AJ, 1987).
Rutland, VT Vicon Vermonters Organized
for Cleanup blocked ash
landfill. State only allowed low
electricity rates. Creditor
stopped advancing money. Plant
operated for less than a year.
Vicon went bankrupt and is shut
down.
APPENDIX B
VICTORIES OVER PROPOSED INCINERATORS
The following list describes incinerators in the US where CCHW has
identified a successful local effort to oppose the project.
LOCATION PROJECT DEVELOPER PROBLEMS
Fayetteville, AR Morrison Knudson Fayetteville Against the
Incinerator beat a 150 tpd
project.
Berkeley, CA Berkeley was the first American
city to vote for a 5 year
moratorium on mass burn
incineration. Berkeley's
successful campaign to get a 5-
year moratorium on a proposed
incinerator involved Jeffery
Hahn, now an Ogden VP.
Fremont, CA Vicon This Vicon incinerator was
rejected by the City Council in
March or April 1987.
Ione, CA NIMBY beat a project in this town
Irwindale, CA Ogden This incinerator was opposed by
Miller Brewery Co., and was
rejected by the Californian State
authorities because Ogden
didn't design enough air
pollution controls.
Los Angeles, CA Ogden Concerned Citizens of South
Central Los Angeles beat a 1600
tpd project. Marks the first
mayor of a major American city to
vote out an incinerator. Tom
Bradley killed the project after
massive citizen opposition. $12
million had already been spent on
the project.
Pamona, CA This was another LA project which
was voted out July 20 1987.
Redwood, CA Combustion Eng. Project died when San Francisco
City Council voted against
sending its garbage to the
facility. Leslie Salt Co.,
fought plant because the
air emissions would impact its
salt basins.
San Diego, CA Wheelabrator City referendum, Proposition
H, was voted in. Prohibiting
500 tpd or greater incinerators
within 3 miles of schools,
hospitals and rest homes. 2250
tpd project thus killed.
San Marcos, CA Brown and Root This project has experienced
delays. The original contractor
walked away because of losses in
in nuclear power plant
construction. Combustion
Engineering got involved and
walked away when the cost of the
project soared. Thermo Electron
is left. The project is in
limbo.
Naples, FL Westinghouse Concerned citizens beat a 860 tpd
project. The Commissioners
kicked out Westinghouse after
extensive negotiations.
Opponents raised economic
concerns. $88 million in bonds
had already been issued.
Lake County, IL Waste Management Lake County rejected an
incinerator proposal.
Mandeville, LA Concerned Citizens beat a 240 tpd
project planned for Mandeville,
Louisiana.
Boston, MA American Ref-fuel Community opposition and
political finagling deep sixed
this project slated for urban
S.Boston. Mass DEQE claimed the
incinerator posed an unacceptable
risk because of close residential
areas.
Holyoke, MA Research Cottrell Citizen's for a Quality
Environment beat a 700 tpd
project. The MA DEQE turned this
proposal down, even though the
company had already poured $6
million into promoting it. They
turned it down because of the
lousy siting and the already high
lead levels in the area.
Lowell, MA Ref-Fuel The Highland council defeated the
project. This was another major
turnaround. The council was in
favor of the project, then after
an intensive public pressure
campaign, the council voted 9-0
to kill the 1500 ton per day
incinerator proposal.
Dakota County, MN Westinghouse County turned down Westinghouse
proposal.
Minneapolis, MN Blount Even though work has begun on the
incinerator, battle is not over.
In preparing the foundations for
the incinerator they have gone
below the water line. As the site
contained hazardous material,
they need a permit to pump the
water. Work has been halted
Exeter, NH Wheelabrator Company withdrew its proposal to
build a ton per day plant in this
small town after massive citizen
opposition increased
Wheelabrator's costs. Stamp Out
Smokestacks beat the company in
its home state.
Manchester, NH Vicon 66% of the city's voters rejected
an incinerator proposal in this
city. Smart Alternatives for the
Environment won the backing of
the voters for a full scale
recycling project.
Sussex County, NJ Freeholders unanimously rejected
a proposed incinerator, deleting
it from the solid waste plan for
the county.
Greenwich, NY American Ref-Fuel Greenwich/Argyle concerned
citizens beat a project planned
for this small community.
Portland, OR Combustion A coalition of environmental and
Engineering grassroots groups celebrated the
defeat of a 1000 tpd incinerator
after the Columbia county Health
Review Panel concluded that
the the trash incinerator
might not be safe.
Bensalem, PA Wheelabrator Citizens for a Better Bensalem
got the city council to vote 2 to
1 to kill a 2250 tpd project.
Ephrata, PA Outraged United Taxpayers beat a
1250 tpd incinerator proposed for
Ephrata and saved the town $$$.
Erie, PA Pennsylvania Eng. Concerned citizens beat a project
planned for this town after
permits had been issued.
Philadelphia, Pa Ogden Another raging battle in
Philadelphia, where the major has
been fighting the city council on
the proposed South Philly
incinerator. Despite the Mayor,
the City Council has killed the
project and they clearly have the
people behind them. In a recent
council election: all the
opponents were reelected, the
proponents were defeated.
King County, WA Public Outcry from organized
citizens in the Alliance for
Solid Waste Alternatives led the
county council and the County
Executive to back away from an
incinerator planned for the
county.
Seattle, WA Washington Toxics Coalition
defeated a 1500 tpd project in
the city. City decided that
uncertainties made incineration
too risky and joined with the
citizens in advocating a 60% rate
of recycling by 1994.
APPENDIX C
RESOURCES ON INCINERATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTES
References Used in Text
(AENCO, 1983) "The Basic Economic of Energy Recovery from Solid
Waste," Anthony Nallet and Robert Greely, Presented at ASCE
conference Boulder Colorado, July 1983, 5 Pages. Available from
CCHW for $1.00 copying and postage costs.
(AJ, 1988) "Woes at Waste Plant Continue," Norman Golmark
Alexandria Journal January 1988, 1 Page. Available from CCHW for
$0.45 copying and postage costs.
(Beychok, 1986) "A Data Base of Dioxin and Furan Emissions From
Municipal Refuse Incinerators," Milton R. Beychok. Submitted for
publication in Atmospheric Environment, April, 1986, 13 Pages.
Available from Milton Beychok, 63 Oak Tree Lane, Irvine, CA 92715.
(Biocycle, 1988) "Employment Impact of Recycling," Jim Quigley, Biocycle,
March, 1988. Available from CCHW for $0.45 copying and postage costs.
(Biocycle, 1988a) "EMissions and Ash Disposal from MSW Incineration"
Biocycle, February, 1988. Available from CCHW for $0.45 copying and
postage costs.
(Boston Globe, 1987) "Rutland Coalition Unites over Ash" Yvonne
Daley, Boston Globe. December 13, 1987. 2 Pages. Available from
CCHW for $0.45 copying and postage costs.
(Boston Globe, 1987a) "North Andover and over 7 other companies
fight waste plant blaze for 6 hours" Beth Daley, Boston Globe
January 18, 1988. Available from CCHW $0.45 copying and postage
costs.
(Canada, 1986) The National Incinerator Testing and Evaluation
Program: Air Pollution Control Technology, Environment Canada,
September 1986. Available from Environmental Protection
Publications, Conservation and Protection Environment Canada, Ottawa
Ontario, Canada K1A OE7.
(CBNS, 1988) "Intensive Recycling: Preliminary Results form East
Hampton and Buffalo", Barry Commoner, et. al., Center for the Biology of
Natural Systems, January, 1988. 20 pages. Available from CBNS, Queens
College, Flushing, NY 11367 (212) 520-7070.
(CBNS, 1984) "Environmental and Economic Analysis of Alternatives
Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Technology II. Summary, An
Assessment of the Risks Due to Emissions of Chlorinated Dioxins and
Dibenzofurans From proposed NY City Incinerators," May 1, 1984, 91
Pages. Available from CBNS, Queens College, Flushing, NY 11367
(212) 520-7070.
(CCHW, 1987) Solid Waste Action Project Guidebook, Citizens
Clearinghouse for Hazardous Wastes, August, 1987, 58 pages. Available
from CCHW for $8.98, P.O. Box 926, Arlington, VA 22216, (703) 276-7070.
(CCHW, 1986) How to Deal With a Proposed Facility, Citizens Clearinghouse
for Hazardous Waste, Inc., April 1986, 35 pages. Available from CCHW for
$5.95, P.O. Box 926, Arlington, VA 22216, (703) 276-7070.
(CCHW, 1983) Fight To Win on Hazardous Wastes: A Leader's Manual,
Citizens Clearinghouse for Hazardous Waste, Inc., July 1985, 75
Pages. Available from CCHW for $7.50, P.O. Box 926, Arlington, VA
22216, (703) 276-7070.
(CEQ, 1979) Environmental Quality: The Tenth Annual Report of the
Council on Environmental Quality, December 1979 - Municipal Solid
Waste, Chapter 4, EPA SW-843, 60 Pages. Full report available form
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402 (Stock #041-011-00047-5).
(CFR, 1987) "A Citizens Guide To Garbage Incinerators" Citizens
for Recycling 1987, 11 Pages. Available from Citizens for
Recycling, P.O. Box 30353 Kansas City, MO 64112.
(Council of Mayors, 1987) City Currents: Resources Recovery
Activities, Report on Semiannual Survey, United States Conference
of Mayors, October, 1987, 27 Pages. Available form the United State
Conference of Mayors for $10.00. 1620 Eye Street, N. W., Washington,
DC 20006, (202) 293-7330.
(Connett and Webster, 1986) "An Estimation of the Relative Human
Exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD Emissions via Inhalation and Injection of
Cow's Milk," Paul Connett and Tom Webster, Presented at 6th
International Symposium on Dioxin, Fujuoka, Japan, September 16-19,
1986, 6 Pages. Available from Paul Connett, ST. Lawrence
University, Department of Chemistry, Canton, NY 13617, (315) 379-
5853 (W); (315) 379-9200 (H).
(CR, 1986) "Feds to Probe Man's Death at Garbage Plant," Ellen
Lane, The Citizens Register, May 20, 1986. Available from CCHW for
$0.45 copy and postage costs.
(CWMB, 1984) Waste to Energy, Cerrell Associates, California Waste
Management Board, 1984, 88 pages. 4 page Appendix available from
CCHW profiling most and least resistant communities at $1.00 copy
and postage costs.
(Danish EPA, 1984) "Formation and Dispersion of Dioxins,
Particularly in Connection with Combustion of Refuse," Danish
National Environmental Protection Agency, 1984. 38 pages. Available
from CCHW for $8.00 copy and postage costs.
(Decade, 1986) "A Sad Tale of an Incinerator and a City," Joe
Green Second Decade, Winter 1986 Vol. 16 No. 4, 1 Page. Available
from CCHW for $0.45 cents copy and postage costs.
(Diaz, 1982) Resource Recovery from Municipal Solid Wastes, Volume I,
1982. CRC Press. 180 Pages. Available from CRC Press for $45, Boca Raton,
FL.
(Dravo, 1988) "Air Quality Permitting," Roy S Egdall, Dravo Energy
Resources, Inc., 19 Pages. Available from CCHW for $4.25 copy and
postage costs.
(EDF, 1987) "Summary of EP Leaching Tests Performed on Ash From MSW
Incineration," Environmental Defense Fund, March 1987, 3 Pages.
Available from EDF, 1616 P Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036,
(202) 387-3500.
(EHP, 1979) "Proceedings of an International Conference on Cadmium,
June 7-9, 1978, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 28, February
1979, 200+ Pages. Available from NIEHS-EHP, P.O. Box 12233, Bld
101, Rm A259, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709.
(Enviricon, 1984) Report on Combustion Testing Program at the SWARU
Plant, Hamilton-Wentworth, Enviricon, Ltd., Prepared for Ontario
Ministry of the Environment Air resources Branch, Report No. ARB-43-
ETRD, January 1984. Available from Conservation and Protection
Environment Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada K1A OE7.
(Greenpeace, 1988) "A Greenpeace Analysis: Disposal of the D. C.
Municipal Incinerator Ash on the grounds of St. Elizabeth's Hospital
in Washington D.C." 15 September, 1988. Available from Greenpeace
USA 1426 U Street NW, Wash., DC 20009, 202-462-1177.
(Hershkowitz, 1986) Garbage Burning Lessons From Europe, Consensus
and Controversy in Four European States, Allen Hershkowitz, INFORM,
53 Pages. Available from INFORM, 381 Park Avenue South, New York,
NY 10016.
(ILSR, 1988) Garbage in Europe, Brenda Platt et al, Institute for Local
Self Reliance, May, 1988. 258 Pages. Available to communities for $52
from ILSR, 2425 18th St. NW, Washington D.C 20009, 202-232-4108.
(INFORM, 1986) "Europeans Disagree Over Dioxin from Burnt Garbage,"
INFORM Reports, Vol. 6, No.1, January-February, 1986, 1 Page. Available
from INFORM, Inc., 381 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016.
(Journal Tribune, 1988) "Workers Mistake Blamed for Another Ash Shower",
Biddeford Journal Tribune, October 27, 1988. 1 Page. Available from
CCHW for $.45 copy and postage costs.
(Karasek, 1983) "Dioxins for Garbage: Previously Known Source of
Toxic Compounds is Being Uncovered Using Advance Analytical
Instrumentation," Karasek, F.W., Canadian Research, September 1980,
pp.50-56. Available from CCHW at $1.50 copy and postage costs.
(Kidder Peabody, 1988) Status Report on Resource Recovery, Robert
McCoy and Richard Sweetnam, Kidder Peabody. 28 Pages. New York, NY ,
April 1988. Available from Kidder Peabody for $325. (212) 510-3770.
(Knudson, 1986) Study of Municipal Incineration Residue and Its
Designation as a Dangerous Waste, James C. Knudson, State of
Washington Department of Ecology, Solid Waste Section, August 1986,
19 Pages. Available from Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 4350 -
50th Avenue, N.E., Redmond, WA 98052, (206) 885-1900.
(Moody's, 1987) "Difficult Beginnings," Moody's Municipal Issues
September, October, 1987. Available from CCHW for $0.45 copy and postage
costs.
(Montague, 1988) "Opposition by Grassroots Groups Slows Trash to
Steam Bandwagon," Peter Montague, Hazardous Waste News #83 June 27,
1988. Available from Environmental Research Foundation, PO Box
3541, Princeton, NJ 08543. (609) 452-6070.
(Montague, 1988a) "Incineration of Infectious Waste" Peter Montague
Hazardous Waste News #82, June 20, 1988. Available from
Environmental Research Foundation, PO Box 3541, Princeton, NJ 08543.
(609) 452-6070.
(Montague, 1987) "Do Garbage Incinerators Produce Air Pollution
Harmful to Humans?" Peter Montague, Hazardous Waste News #35, July
27, 1987. Available from Environmental Research Foundation, PO Box
3541, Princeton, NJ 08543. (609) 452-6070.
(Montague, 1982) "Hazardous Waste Landfills: Some Lessons From New
Jersey", Peter Montague, Journal of American Society of Civil Engineers,
September, 1982. Available from CCHW for $0.45 cents copy and postage
costs.
(NAS, 1983) Management of Hazardous Industrial Wastes: Research
and Development Needs, National Materials Advisory Board, National
Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, March 1983.
Available from NMAB, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC
20418, (202) 334-3505.
(NCAMBI, 1986) National Coalition Against Mass Burn Incineration/
For Safe Alternatives Newsletter, Vol. 1 No.1-2, February 1986, 237
Pages. Available from NCAMBI, 82 Judson Street, Canton, NY 13617.
(Newsday, 1987) Rush to Burn, Reprint from Newsday, December 1987.
Available for $2.00 from Newsday, Long Island, NY. 11747, (516) 454-
2165.
(NYAS, 1984) "Resource Recovery in New York City: Science -
Intensive Public policy Issues," Summary of Proceedings, New York
Academy of Sciences, Conflict Resolution Project, December 18, 1984,
9 Pages. Available from the New York Academy of Sciences, 2 East
63rd Street, New York, NY 10021, (212) 838-0230.
(NYPIRG, 1986) The Burning Questions: Garbage Incineration vs.
Total Recycling in New York City, Toxics Project of The New York
Public Interest Research Center, Inc., and the New York Public
Interest Research Group, INc., 1986, 187 Pages. Available from
NYPIRG Publication, 9 Murray Street, New York, NY 10007, (212) 349-
6460.
(NYT, 1986) "Where Oh Where to Empty the Trash?", Scott Bronstein, The
New York Times, September 14, 1986. Available from CCHW for $0.45 copy
and postage cost.
(NYT, 1980) "Garbage Recycling Plant Stays Closed Over Dioxin,"
New York Times, August 2, 1980, 2 Pages. Available from CCHW for
$0.45 copy and
postage cost.
(New York State, 1986) New York State Legislative Commission on
Solid Waste Management, August, 1986. Available from Maurice
Hinchey, Chairman, Joint Legislative Commission on Solid Waste
Management, New York State Assembly, Albany, NY 12248.
(Oja, 1986) "Ill-Conceived Landfill, Recycling Necessary For the
Environment," Ruth Oja, The Hudson Valley Green Times, Fall, 1986.
Available from Hudson Valley Green, P.O. Box 208, Red Hook, NY
12571.
(OTA, 1985) Superfund Strategy, Office of Technology Assessment, April
1985. 280 Pages. Available from OTA, U.S. Congress, Washington, DC
20510, (202) 226-2115.
(OTA, 1984) Protecting the Nations Groundwater from Contamination Vol.
I & II, Office of Technoligy Assessment, October 1984. 520 Pages.
Available from OTA, U.S. Congress, Washington, DC 20510, (202) 226-2115.
(OTA, 1983) Technologies and Management Strategies for Hazardous
Waste Control, Congress of the United States, Office of Technology
Assessment, 1983. 407 Pages. Available from OTA, U.S. Congress,
Washington, DC 20510, (202) 226-2115.
(Papke, 1986) "Plastics Recycling as a Business," Charles Papke,
Resource Recycling, September/October,1986, pages 12-13. Available
from CCHW for $0.45 cents copy and postage costs.
(Parade Magazine, 1987) "What Does Your Garbage Say About You?" Brad
Lemley, Parade Magazine, June 14 1987. Avaliable from CCHW for $0.45
copy and postage costs.
(Reap, 1986) "Why the Swedish Moratorium was Ended," Edward Reap,
Waste Age, November, 1986, pp.90-96. Available from CCHW for $1.50
copy and postage costs.
(Record Times, 1988) "Plant Cited for Odor, Noise" Record-Times,
September, 23, 1988. 1 page. Available from CCHW for $.45 copy and
postage costs.
(Rutland Herald, 1988) "Vicon Closes Down," Yvonne Daley, Rutland
Herald, August 24, 1988. Available from CCHW for $0.45 copy and postage
costs.
(Rutland Herald, 1988a) "State Engineer Discovers Landfill Permit
Violations" Susan Smallee, Ruthland Herald May 11, 1988, 1 Page.
Available from CCHW at $0.45 copy and postage costs.
(Rutland Herald, 1987) "Board Decision is Postponed by VIDA"
Debbie Bockchin. Rutland Herald December 18, 1988 1 page.
Available from CCHW for $0.45 copy and copy costs.
(Sun/Sentinel, 1987) "Runaway Costs Foul South Florida Incinerator
Plans", The News/Sun Sentinel, December 6, 1987. 1 page. Available from
CCHW for $.45 copy and postage costs.
(Sentinel, 1986) "Ash From Incinerator Plant Triggers Extra Bills
for County," Theresa Laper, The Daily Sentinel, July 1, 1986, Page
3. Available from CCHW at $0.45 copy and postage costs.
(Shapiro, 1985) "Environmental Risk Assesment of Refuse Burning
Incineration," Karen Shapiro, Center for the Biology of Natural Systems,
1985. 10 Pages. Available form CBNS, Queens College, CUNY 65-30 Kissena
Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, (212) 520-7770.
(SOPH, 1985) Swiss Federal Office for Public Health, Bulletin No. 8
pp.66-69, 1985. Available from CCHW for $0.65 copy and postagecosts
(South Look, 1988) "SEMASS plant: Churn and Burn" South Look, September
15, 1988, 2 pages. Available from CCHW for $.45 copy and postage costs.
(Sullivan, 1987) "Outlook for Resource Recovery," John Sullivan
Alternative Sources of Energy, September 1987, No. 93, 6 Pages.
Available from CCHW for $1.50 copy and postage costs.
(Sundberg, 1988) "Credit Impact of Waste Disposal System Dept for Small
`Scale Waste to Energy Project," Ronald Sundberg. Presented at 7th
Annual Resource Recovery Conference, March 1988, 11 Pages. Available from
CCHW at $2.50 copy and postage costs.
(Tuscaloosa News, 1987) "Accord is Reached in Incinerator Suit" Joan
Ladd, Tuscaloosa News, March 18, 1987. 2 Pages. Available from CCHW for
$0.45 copy and postage costs.
(Tuscaloosa News, 1986) "Garbage Woes Have Boiled Over in Last
Month," Julia Harwell, Tuscaloosa News, June 15, 1986. Available
from CCHW at $0.45 copy and postage costs.
(UCLA, 1987) An Examination of the Rise of Incineration, It's Health and
Air Impacts, The Lancer Project, and The Feasibility of Alternatives. UCLA
Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Planning, June 1987. 400+
pages. Available from UCLA Graduate School of Architecture and Urban
Planning.
(USEPA, 1988) "Statement of Lee M. Thomas before the Subcommittee on
Transportation, Tourism and Hazardous Materials," April 13, 1988.
12 Pages. Available from CCHW for $2.80 copy and postage costs.
(USEPA, 1988a) Report of the Environmental Effects, ransport and Fate
Committee, USEPA, April, q1988. Available from USEPA Science Advisory
Board, 401 M Street Washington D.C. 20460.
(USEPA, 1987) Municipal Waste Combustion Study, USEPA June, 1987. 135
pages. Available from CCHW for $12.00 copy and postage costs.
(USEPA, 1987a) "Flash Report: Philadelphia Incinerator Ash Exports for
Panamanian Road Project- Potential Environmental Damage in the Making."
USEPA, October 5, 1987. 27 pages. Available from CCHW for 20 cents per
page copy costs.
(USEPA, 1987b) Dioxin Report to Congress, USEPA August, 1987 Available
from USEPA 401 M Street NW, Washington D.C.
(USEPA, 1987c) "Hospital Waste Combustion Study Data Gathering Phase
Final Draft study. Radian Corporation, USEPA October 1987. Available
from Ray Morrison, USEPA Research Triangl Park, NC. 1-919-541-5330.
(USEPA, 1987d) Operational Guidance on Control Technology for New and
Modified Municipal Waste Combustors, USEPA, June 26, 1987. Available from
CCHW for $2.00 copy costs.
(USEPA, 1985) EPA Health Assessment Document for Polychlorinated
Didenzo-p-Dioxins, Final Report, EPA/600/8/84/014F, USEPA, Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, September 1985, 432 Pages.
Available from EPA Office of the Administrator, SAB mail code A -101
F, 499 South Capitol Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460, contact
Cheryl Bentley (202) 382-2552.
(USEPA, 1985a) Federal Register, July 15, 1985 p28726. 1 Page. Available
from CCHW for $0.45 copy and postage cost.
(USEPA, 1984) "Health Hazard Assessment for CDDs and CDFs other than
2,3,7,8-TCDD," Judy Bellin and Don Baines, U.S. EPA, Draft July 10,
1984, 17 Pages. Available from CCHW $4.20 copy and postage costs.
(USEPA, 1983) "TCDD Emissions for Municipal Waste Combustors,"
Memorandum, Michael Cook, Dioxin Management Coordinator, U.S. EPA,
December 16, 1983, 17 Pages. Available from CCHW for $4.00 copy and
postage costs.
(USEPA, 1981) Federal Register USEPA, February 1981, Pages 11128-11129.
Available from RCRA/CERCLA hotline 1-800-424-9246.
(Waste Age, 1988) "How Much Will Plant Retrofits Cost" Waste Age.
March 1988. Back issues available from National Solid Waste
Management Association, Suite 1000, 1730 Rhode Island Ave., N.W.,
Washington DC for $5.00.
(Waste Age, 1988a) "Is Nimbyism Here to Stay?" A series of articles in
Waste Age, March, 1988. Back issues available from NSWMA Suite 1000, 1730
Rhode Island Ave., N.W., Washington DC for $5.00.
(Waste Age, 1987) "City RDF Plant Stops Burning Cash," Gordon Todd
Waste Age, November, 1987. Back issues available from NSWMA Suite
1000, 1730 Rhode Island Ave., N.W., Washington DC for $5.00. 202-
861-0708 for $5.00.
(Waste Age, 1986) "An Awkward buut Apt Name" Editorial, Waste Age,
November, 1986. Availble from CCHW at $0.45 copuy and postage cost.
(Waste Not, 1988) Waste Not, Working on Waste, Paul and Ellen Connett.
Available from WOW, 82 Judson St, Canton, NY 13617 for $25 per year.
(315) 379-9200.
(Weston, 1986) "Consulting Engineer's Feasibility Report, The
Greater Detroit, Michigan Resource Recovery Project," Roy F. Weston,
April 1986, Relevant Portions (7 Pages). Available from CCHW for
$2.00 copy and postage costs.
(WOW, 1987) "A Citizens Guide to Trash Burning Incinerators
Operation in the U.S.A." Paul Connett, Working on Waste. Available
from WOW, 82 Judson St, Canton, NY 13617, (315) 379-9200.
(WOW, 1987a) "Victories" Paul Connett, Working on Waste. Available from
WOW, 82 Judson St. Canton NY 13617, (315) 379-9200.
(WP, 1988) "Outcry Grows Over West's Waste Dumping," Blaine Harden
Washington Post. June 22, 1988. Available from CCHW $0.45 copy and
postage costs.
(WSJ, 1988) "Energy from Garbage Loses some of Promise as Wave of
the Future," Bill Richards, Wall Street Journal, June 16, 1988. 2
Pages. Available from CCHW at $0.45 copy and postage costs.
(WSJ, 1988a) "Henley and Waste Managemet to Merge," Bill Richards, Wall
Street Journal, April 22, 1988. Available from CCHW at $0.45 cents copy
and postage costs. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ON INCINERATION
General Resources
A Preliminary Assessment of the Brooklyn Navy Yard Resources Recovery
Project, Barry Commonner, Ted Goldfard, Center for the Biology of
Natural Systems, April 13, 1982. 13 Pages. Available from CBNS, Queens
College, Flushing, NY 11367, (212) 520-7770.
Burn Out: Danger in Chicago's Incinerator Program Ben Gordon, Joe
Thornton Greenpeace May 2, 1988. Available from Greenpeace 1017 West
Jackson Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607 (312) 666 - 3305.
"Environmental Risk Assessment of Refuse Burning Incinerations," Karen
Shapiro, Center for the Biology of Natural System, 1985, 10 Pages.
Available from CBNS, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY .
"Garbage Incinerators as Environmental Polluters," Gull, Erich, from
Tagesanzeiger Magazin, Zurich, Switzerland, No. 29, 24/7/82, pp. 8-13,
Available from CCHW.
Garbage: Practices Problems Remedies Joanna Underwood, et and INFORM,
1988. Available from INFORM 381 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016
(212) 689-4040.
Incineration of Solid Wastes, in Handbook of Industrial Waste Disposal,
Conway, RA and Ross R.D: (Van Nostrand, New York, 1980), pp. 336-370,
Available from CCHW.
Materials Recovery Report Issue 1 Mary Lou Van Deventer, November 1987.
Available from M R R 1089 Curtis, Albany, CA 94706.
"Waste-to-Energy Facilities: A Source of Lead Contamination," Salas AC,
Lewis, OF, Oberacker, DA, in Municipal Solid Waste: Resource Recovery,
Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Research Symposium, US Environmental
Protection Agency Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, OH 45268, EPA - 600/9-81-0020, March 1981.
"Waste Incinerators: A Dangerous Plan" Ralph Nader Advance News, May
24, 1987. Available from CCHW at 20 cent copy costs.
Resources on emissions
A Burning Question: Air Emissions from Municipal Refuse Incinerators.
Joanna Kid, The Pollution Probe Foundation, October 1984, 73 Pages,
Available From PP, 12 Madison Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5R 2S1 (416)
926-1907.
"Assessment of Emissions of Specific Compounds from a Resource Recovery
Municipal Refuse Incinerator," Draft Unreleased Report, CL Haile,
RB Blair, RM Lucas and T Walker, Midwest Research Institute, Project
#4901-A (61), EPA Contract #68-01-5915, November, 1983, 81 pages.
Available from CCHW.
"A Wire Reclamation Incinerator as a source of Environmental Contamina-
tion With Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and Tetrochlorodibenzofurans,"
Hryhorzuk, DO., Withrow, WA, Hesse, CS, Beasley, VR, Archives of
Environmental Health 36(5): 228-234 (1981).
"Emissions Control: A Never Ending Quest" Marjorie Clark Waste Age
January 1988. Available from NSWMA for $5.00.
"Emission control Replacement Parts to be Costly" Waste age March 1988.
Available from NSWMA for $5.00.
"Summary of Results of PCDD Analyses From Incinerator Effluents;"
Calvallero, A., LLuciani, G. Ceroni, I. Rocchi, G. Invernizzi, and
A.Gorni, Chemosphere, 11:9, (1982).
"Trace Chemistries of Fire: A Source of Chlorinated Dioxins;" Bumb,
R., W.B. Crummett, S.S. Cutie, J.R. Gleahill, R.H. Hummel, R.D.
Kagel, L.L. Lamparski, E.V. Luoma, D.L. Miller, T.J. Nestrick,
L.A. Shadoff, R.H. Stehl and J.S. Woods, Science 210:4468, (1980).
Resources on Health Issues
"Health and Safety Aspects of Resource Recovery," Duckett, EJ in
Municipal Solid Waste: Resource Recovery, Proceedings of the
Seventh Annual Research Symposium, US Environmental Protection Agency
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268,
EPA - 600/981-0020, March 1981.
"In S. Philadelphia, Trash to Steam Plant Raises Fears of a Menace to
Health, Philadelphia Inquirer, Sunday, October 14, 1984.
"Interim Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with Emissions of
Tetrachlorinated Dioxins from Municipal Waste Resource Recovery
Facilities, U.S. EPA Memorandum, November, 1981, 17 Pages, Available
from CCHW.
Resources on Ash
"Analysis of Fly Ash From Municipal Incinerators for Trace Organic
Compounds," GA Eiceman, RE Clement and FW Karasek, Analytical Chemistry
51:2343, 1979.
"Distribution of PCDDs and Other Toxic Compounds Generated on Fly
Ash Particulates in Municipal Incinerators," F.W. Karasek, R.E.
Clement and A.C. Viau, Journal of Chromatography, 239, 173, 1982.
"Incineration Fact Packet," Environmental Action Foundation, October
1983. Available from EAF, 1346 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC
20036, (202) 659-0681.
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